PMID- 32546416
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210810
LR  - 20210810
IS  - 1873-7862 (Electronic)
IS  - 0924-977X (Linking)
VI  - 36
DP  - 2020 Jul
TI  - A high-resolution fMRI approach to characterize functionally distinct neural 
      pathways within dopaminergic midbrain and nucleus accumbens during reward and 
      salience processing.
PG  - 137-150
LID - S0924-977X(20)30181-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.05.005 [doi]
AB  - Processing of reward and salience without reward association are known to 
      critically rely on the dopamine system. A growing body of evidence from animal 
      studies suggests that both functions may be subserved by distinct subregions in 
      midbrain and ventral striatum, specifically nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Yet in vivo 
      investigation of these brain structures in humans has been rare. Here we examined 
      blood oxygen level dependent signals in response to frequently presented 
      rewarding events and infrequently presented neutral events in 20 healthy subjects 
      using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for imaging 
      the human midbrain and NAcc. The present findings revealed distinct activation 
      patterns in brain regions of interest, namely increased activation in substantia 
      nigra pars compacta (SNc) and dorsolateral NAcc in response to neutral events, 
      while the VTA and both the ventromedial and dorsolateral NAcc were significantly 
      activated due to rewarding events. Moreover, psychophysiological interaction 
      analyses demonstrated regionally specialized processing pathways, such as a 
      dorsolateral pathway when processing salience per se, i.e. increased functional 
      interactions between SNc, dorsolateral NAcc and dorsolateral and medial 
      prefrontal cortex (PFC); and a ventromedial pathway during reward processing, 
      i.e. increased functional coupling between VTA and ventromedial NAcc. Thus, these 
      findings may not only accelerate the integration of animal models of brain 
      function with human neuroscience but may also improve diagnosis and treatment in 
      patients with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression in 
      which dopaminergic dysfunction and aberrant attribution of salience have been 
      implicated.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.
FAU - Richter, Anja
AU  - Richter A
AD  - Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General 
      Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychosis 
      Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College 
      London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: anja.richter@kcl.ac.uk.
FAU - Reinhard, Fabian
AU  - Reinhard F
AD  - Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General 
      Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Kraemer, Bernd
AU  - Kraemer B
AD  - Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General 
      Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Gruber, Oliver
AU  - Gruber O
AD  - Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General 
      Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200613
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur Neuropsychopharmacol
JT  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of 
      Neuropsychopharmacology
JID - 9111390
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Attention/*physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Operant/physiology
MH  - Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Mesencephalon/diagnostic imaging/*physiology
MH  - Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging/physiology
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/diagnostic imaging/*physiology
MH  - Photic Stimulation/methods
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/physiology
MH  - *Reward
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dorsolateral pathway
OT  - Functional connectivity
OT  - Prefrontal cortex
OT  - Reward
OT  - Salience
OT  - Substantia nigra pars compacta
OT  - Ventral tegmental area
OT  - Ventromedial pathway
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest All authors declare that they have no 
      biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2020/06/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/11 06:00
CRDT- 2020/06/18 06:00
PHST- 2020/02/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/18 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0924-977X(20)30181-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.05.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020 Jul;36:137-150. doi: 
      10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.05.005. Epub 2020 Jun 13.