PMID- 32585818
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2072-6694 (Print)
IS  - 2072-6694 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6694 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 6
DP  - 2020 Jun 23
TI  - Uncovering the Tumor Antigen Landscape: What to Know about the Discovery Process.
LID - 10.3390/cancers12061660 [doi]
LID - 1660
AB  - According to the latest available data, cancer is the second leading cause of 
      death, highlighting the need for novel cancer therapeutic approaches. In this 
      context, immunotherapy is emerging as a reliable first-line treatment for many 
      cancers, particularly metastatic melanoma. Indeed, cancer immunotherapy has 
      attracted great interest following the recent clinical approval of antibodies 
      targeting immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, that 
      release the brakes of the immune system, thus reviving a field otherwise poorly 
      explored. Cancer immunotherapy mainly relies on the generation and stimulation of 
      cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), 
      priming T cells and establishing efficient and durable anti-tumor immunity. 
      Therefore, there is a clear need to define and identify immunogenic T cell 
      epitopes to use in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Naturally presented antigens in 
      the human leucocyte antigen-1 (HLA-I) complex on the tumor surface are the main 
      protagonists in evocating a specific anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response. However, 
      the methodologies for their identification have been a major bottleneck for their 
      reliable characterization. Consequently, the field of antigen discovery has yet 
      to improve. The current review is intended to define what are today known as 
      tumor antigens, with a main focus on CTL antigenic peptides. We also review the 
      techniques developed and employed to date for antigen discovery, exploring both 
      the direct elution of HLA-I peptides and the in silico prediction of epitopes. 
      Finally, the last part of the review analyses the future challenges and direction 
      of the antigen discovery field.
FAU - Feola, Sara
AU  - Feola S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4012-4310
AD  - Drug Research Program (DRP) ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Division of 
      Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of 
      Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Fabianinkatu 33, University of 
      Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine, Haartmaninkatu 8, 
      University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), University of Helsinki, 
      FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Chiaro, Jacopo
AU  - Chiaro J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6577-2691
AD  - Drug Research Program (DRP) ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Division of 
      Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of 
      Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Fabianinkatu 33, University of 
      Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine, Haartmaninkatu 8, 
      University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), University of Helsinki, 
      FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Martins, Beatriz
AU  - Martins B
AD  - Drug Research Program (DRP) ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Division of 
      Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of 
      Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Fabianinkatu 33, University of 
      Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine, Haartmaninkatu 8, 
      University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), University of Helsinki, 
      FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Cerullo, Vincenzo
AU  - Cerullo V
AD  - Drug Research Program (DRP) ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Division of 
      Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of 
      Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Fabianinkatu 33, University of 
      Helsinki, 00710 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine, Haartmaninkatu 8, 
      University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
AD  - Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), University of Helsinki, 
      FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
LA  - eng
GR  - 681219/Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/
GR  - none/Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)/
GR  - 19072019/Jane ja Aatos Erkon Saatio/
GR  - none/Syopajarjestot/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200623
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Cancers (Basel)
JT  - Cancers
JID - 101526829
PMC - PMC7352969
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cancer immunotherapy
OT  - epitope prediction
OT  - immunopeptidome
OT  - tumor antigens
COIS- Vincenzo Cerullo is a cofounder and shareholder at VALO Therapeutics. The other 
      authors have no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2020/06/27 06:00
MHDA- 2020/06/27 06:01
PMCR- 2020/06/23
CRDT- 2020/06/27 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/06/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/06/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/06/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cancers12061660 [pii]
AID - cancers-12-01660 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/cancers12061660 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jun 23;12(6):1660. doi: 10.3390/cancers12061660.