PMID- 32597134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210526
LR  - 20210526
IS  - 1848-6312 (Electronic)
IS  - 0004-1254 (Print)
IS  - 0004-1254 (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Mar 1
TI  - Effect of urine adulterants on commercial drug abuse screening test strip 
      results.
PG  - 87-93
LID - aiht-2020-71-3315 [pii]
LID - 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315 [doi]
AB  - Immunochromatographic strips for urine drug screening tests (UDSTs) are common 
      and very suitable for drug abuse monitoring, but are also highly susceptible to 
      adulterants kept in the household, which can significantly alter test results. 
      The aim of this study was to see how some of these common adulterants affect UDST 
      results in practice and whether they can be detected by sample validity tests 
      with pH and URIT 11G test strips. To this end we added household chemicals 
      (acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, surfactants, and miscellaneous substances) to 
      urine samples positive for amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 
      tetrahydrocannabinol, heroin, cocaine, or benzodiazepines (diazepam or 
      alprazolam) and tested them with one-component immunochromatographic UDST strips. 
      The UDST for cocaine resisted adulteration the most, while the cannabis test 
      produced the most false negative results. The most potent adulterant that barely 
      changed the physiological properties of urine specimens and therefore escaped 
      adulteration detection was vinegar. Besides lemon juice, it produced the most 
      false negative test results. In conclusion, some urine adulterants, such as 
      vinegar, could pass urine specimen validity test and remain undetected by 
      laboratory testing. Our findings raise concern about this issue of preventing 
      urine tampering and call for better control at sampling, privacy concerns 
      notwithstanding, and better sample validity tests.
FAU - Rajsic, Ivana
AU  - Rajsic I
AD  - University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 
      Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Novi Sad, Serbia.
FAU - Javorac, Dragana
AU  - Javorac D
AD  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik 
      Danilo Soldatovic", Belgrade, Serbia.
FAU - Tatovic, Simona
AU  - Tatovic S
AD  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik 
      Danilo Soldatovic", Belgrade, Serbia.
FAU - Repic, Aleksandra
AU  - Repic A
AD  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik 
      Danilo Soldatovic", Belgrade, Serbia.
AD  - Serbian Institute for Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, 
      Serbia.
FAU - Dukic-Cosic, Danijela
AU  - Dukic-Cosic D
AD  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik 
      Danilo Soldatovic", Belgrade, Serbia.
FAU - Dordevic, Snezana
AU  - Dordevic S
AD  - Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
AD  - Medical Faculty, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, 
      Serbia.
FAU - Lukic, Vera
AU  - Lukic V
AD  - Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 
      Serbia.
FAU - Bulat, Zorica
AU  - Bulat Z
AD  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology "Akademik 
      Danilo Soldatovic", Belgrade, Serbia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Croatia
TA  - Arh Hig Rada Toksikol
JT  - Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju
JID - 0373100
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Strips)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - *Drug Contamination
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*urine
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Reagent Strips/*chemistry
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection/*methods
MH  - Urine/*chemistry
PMC - PMC7837240
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - URIT 11G
OT  - false negative
OT  - household chemicals
OT  - immunochromatographic assay
OT  - lemon juice
OT  - vinegar
EDAT- 2020/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/27 06:00
PMCR- 2020/04/09
CRDT- 2020/06/30 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - aiht-2020-71-3315 [pii]
AID - 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2020 Mar 1;71(1):87-93. doi: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3315.