PMID- 32603748
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210621
LR  - 20210621
IS  - 1873-507X (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-9384 (Linking)
VI  - 224
DP  - 2020 Oct 1
TI  - Combined treatment of scopolamine and group III mGluR antagonist, CPPG, exerts 
      antidepressant activity without affecting anxiety-related behaviors.
PG  - 113034
LID - S0031-9384(20)30348-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113034 [doi]
AB  - Clinical trials have revealed that the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine 
      produces a fast and potent antidepressant response. However, the anticholinergic 
      adverse effects and the risk of psychosis at higher doses limit the widespread 
      clinical use of scopolamine. Combination therapy of scopolamine and other 
      antidepressants in treating depression has been suggested. Our experimentswere 
      designed to examine the effects of the combining ineffective doses of scopolamine 
      and a group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist, CPPG, on 
      depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in male NMRI mice. The forced swim test 
      (FST) and the elevated plus maze (EPM) were selected to evaluate depression- and 
      anxiety-related behaviors, respectively. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 
      scopolamine (0.01-0.5 mg/kg) exerted profound antidepressive and anxiogenic 
      effects. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of CPPG (12.5-50 
      nmol/mouse) elicited significant antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, 
      the ineffective dose of CPPG (12.5 nmol/mouse) plus ineffective doses of 
      scopolamine (0.01 or 0.05 mg/kg) showed antidepressant-like effect while these 
      combinations had no effect anxiety-related behaviors. It should be noted that 
      none of the compounds altered locomotor activity. Results identify the combined 
      administration of scopolamine and CPPG as a possible hopeful target in the future 
      treatment of the depressive disorder.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ebrahimi-Ghiri, Mohaddeseh
AU  - Ebrahimi-Ghiri M
AD  - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
FAU - Khakpai, Fatemeh
AU  - Khakpai F
AD  - Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, 
      Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Zarrindast, Mohammad-Reza
AU  - Zarrindast MR
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical 
      Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran 
      University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, 
      Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of 
      Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: zarinmr@ams.ac.ir.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200627
PL  - United States
TA  - Physiol Behav
JT  - Physiology & behavior
JID - 0151504
RN  - 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antidepressive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate)
RN  - DL48G20X8X (Scopolamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Anti-Anxiety Agents
MH  - Antidepressive Agents
MH  - Anxiety/chemically induced/drug therapy
MH  - Depression/chemically induced/drug therapy
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
MH  - Scopolamine
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Elevated plus maze (EPM)
OT  - Forced swim test (FST)
OT  - Group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist CPPG
OT  - Mice
OT  - Scopolamine
EDAT- 2020/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/22 06:00
CRDT- 2020/07/01 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/06/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0031-9384(20)30348-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113034 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Physiol Behav. 2020 Oct 1;224:113034. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113034. Epub 
      2020 Jun 27.