PMID- 32606850
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220415
IS  - 1178-6981 (Print)
IS  - 1178-6981 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-6981 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2020
TI  - Cost-Effectiveness of Insulin Glargine and Insulin Detemir in the Basal Regimen 
      for Naive Insulin Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Malaysia.
PG  - 333-343
LID - 10.2147/CEOR.S244884 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effectiveness of long-acting insulin analogue 
      (LAIA) (insulin Detemir and insulin Glargine) versus NPH insulin in the basal 
      insulin regime for naive insulin T2DM Malaysian patients. METHODS: The 
      UKPDS-Outcome Model version 2.0 (UKPDS-OM2) was used to evaluate the cost and 
      consequence of diabetes-related complication. The effectiveness of the insulin 
      was derived from the literature review, and the patients' epidemiology 
      characteristics were retrieved from the Malaysian Diabetes Registry. A discount 
      rate of 3% was applied to both costs and health effects. Another simple 
      mathematical model was used to compare the benefit of reducing the hypoglycemia 
      events between LAIA and NPH insulin. The outputs of the models were combined to 
      obtain the final result. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed to assess 
      the uncertainties. RESULTS: The net cost difference (without accounting for 
      hypoglycemia) was RM4868 for insulin Glargine and RM6026 for insulin Detemir. The 
      saving from preventing severe hypoglycemia was RM4377 for insulin Glargine and 
      RM12,753 for insulin Detemir. The total additional QALY gained from insulin 
      Glargine was 0.1317 and from insulin Detemir was 0.8376. The sensitivity analysis 
      shows the discount rate, and drug acquisition cost may affect the incremental 
      cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) value. CONCLUSION: Both insulin Detemir and 
      Glargine are cost-effective compared to NPH insulin for T2DM patients, especially 
      when the benefit of reducing the hypoglycemia event rate is taken into account.
CI  - (c) 2020 Shafie and Ng.
FAU - Shafie, Asrul Akmal
AU  - Shafie AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5629-9270
AD  - Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical 
      Sciences, Penang, Malaysia.
FAU - Ng, Chin Hui
AU  - Ng CH
AD  - Pharmacy Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh 30450, Perak, 
      Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200622
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Clinicoecon Outcomes Res
JT  - ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR
JID - 101560564
PMC - PMC7319511
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cost-effectiveness analysis
OT  - insulin Detemir
OT  - insulin Glargine
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2020/07/02 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/02 06:01
PMCR- 2020/06/22
CRDT- 2020/07/02 06:00
PHST- 2020/01/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 244884 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/CEOR.S244884 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2020 Jun 22;12:333-343. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S244884. 
      eCollection 2020.