PMID- 32608442 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210507 LR - 20210507 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 7 DP - 2020 Jul 22 TI - Antifatigue and antihypoxia activities of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula in mice. PG - 6352-6362 LID - 10.1039/d0fo00468e [doi] AB - Codonopsis pilosula is a traditional Chinese medicine and food supplement that is widely used in China. This study aimed to investigate the antifatigue and antihypoxia activities of different extracts and fractions from C. pilosula, including ethanol extract (ETH), water extract (WAT), polysaccharides (POL), inulin (INU) and oligosaccharides (OLI). Different extracts and fractions were orally administered to mice at the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1 once a day for 21 days. Antifatigue activity was assessed through the weight-loaded swimming test on the 21st day, and antihypoxia activity was evaluated through the normobarie hypoxia test on the following day. Finally, biochemical parameters, such as liver glycogen (LG), muscle glycogen (MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels, were determined. The results showed that, compared with the control treatment, only POL treatment significantly prolonged the swimming time of the mice. POL groups had the strongest hypoxia tolerance, followed by the OLI and WAT groups. The levels of LG and MG were significantly increased by treatment with POL at the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1, whereas BUN and LDH levels in POL groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. MDA under POL and OLI treatment was significantly lower than that under the control treatment. In addition, treatments with POL and OLI, except for treatment with a low dose of OLI, significantly increased GSH levels. In conclusion, POL could efficiently enhance antifatigue and antihypoxia abilities by increasing energy resources, decreasing detrimental metabolite accumulation, and enhancing antioxidant activity. OLI could improve antihypoxia activity by preventing lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant activity. FAU - Xie, Qi AU - Xie Q AD - Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. wchcxm@hotmail.com wchcxm@shutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Sun, Yuting AU - Sun Y AD - Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. wchcxm@hotmail.com wchcxm@shutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Cao, Lanlan AU - Cao L AD - Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. wchcxm@hotmail.com wchcxm@shutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Chen, Liangni AU - Chen L AD - Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. wchcxm@hotmail.com wchcxm@shutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Chen, Jie AU - Chen J AD - Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. wchcxm@hotmail.com wchcxm@shutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Cheng, Xuemei AU - Cheng X AD - Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. wchcxm@hotmail.com wchcxm@shutcm.edu.cn. FAU - Wang, Changhong AU - Wang C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7578-4856 AD - Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China. wchcxm@hotmail.com wchcxm@shutcm.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Oligosaccharides) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 0 (Polysaccharides) RN - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde) RN - 9005-79-2 (Glycogen) RN - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/therapeutic use MH - Body Weight MH - China MH - Codonopsis/*chemistry MH - Dietary Supplements MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Eating MH - Energy Metabolism MH - Fatigue/*drug therapy MH - Glutathione MH - Glycogen MH - Hypoxia/*drug therapy MH - Lipid Peroxidation MH - Liver MH - Male MH - Malondialdehyde/metabolism MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred ICR MH - Oligosaccharides/*therapeutic use MH - Plant Extracts/blood/*therapeutic use MH - Polysaccharides/*therapeutic use MH - Swimming EDAT- 2020/07/02 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/08 06:00 CRDT- 2020/07/02 06:00 PHST- 2020/07/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/07/02 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d0fo00468e [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2020 Jul 22;11(7):6352-6362. doi: 10.1039/d0fo00468e.