PMID- 32617987
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210302
LR  - 20231111
IS  - 1096-9071 (Electronic)
IS  - 0146-6615 (Print)
IS  - 0146-6615 (Linking)
VI  - 93
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jan
TI  - Microstructure, pathophysiology, and potential therapeutics of COVID-19: A 
      comprehensive review.
PG  - 275-299
LID - 10.1002/jmv.26254 [doi]
AB  - There have been over seven million cases and almost 413 372 deaths globally due 
      to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) associated disease COVID-19, as of 11 June 
      2020. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that there is a common source for these 
      infections. The overall sequence similarities between the spike protein of 
      2019-nCoV and that of SARS-CoV are known to be around 76% to 78% and 73% to 76% 
      for the whole protein and receptor-binding domain (RBD), respectively. Thus, they 
      have the potential to serve as the drug and/or vaccine candidate. However, the 
      individual response against 2019-nCoV differs due to genetic variations in the 
      human population. Understanding the variations in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 
      (ACE2) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) that may affect the severity of 
      2019-nCoV infection could help in identifying individuals at a higher risk from 
      the COVID-19. A number of potential drugs/vaccines as well as 
      antibody/cytokine-based therapeutics are in various developmental stages of 
      preclinical/clinical trials against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV with 
      substantial cross-reactivity, and may be used against COVID-19. For diagnosis, 
      the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard test for 
      initial diagnosis of COVID-19. A kit based on serological tests are also 
      recommended for investigating the spread of COVID-19 but this is challenging due 
      to the antibodies cross-reactivity. This review comprehensively summarizes the 
      recent reports available regarding the host-pathogen interaction, morphological 
      and genomic structure of the virus, and the diagnostic techniques as well as the 
      available potential therapeutics against COVID-19.
CI  - (c) 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
FAU - Singh, Satarudra Prakash
AU  - Singh SP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3759-6528
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India.
FAU - Pritam, Manisha
AU  - Pritam M
AD  - Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
FAU - Pandey, Brijesh
AU  - Pandey B
AD  - Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, India.
FAU - Yadav, Thakur Prasad
AU  - Yadav TP
AD  - Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 
      India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200715
PL  - United States
TA  - J Med Virol
JT  - Journal of medical virology
JID - 7705876
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/immunology
MH  - COVID-19/*diagnosis/*physiopathology/*therapy
MH  - Chiroptera/virology
MH  - Cross Reactions
MH  - *Host-Pathogen Interactions
MH  - Humans
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Receptors, Virus/chemistry
MH  - SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/*genetics
MH  - Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics
PMC - PMC7361355
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - coronavirus
OT  - drug
OT  - host-pathogen interaction
OT  - infection
OT  - vaccine
COIS- The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.
EDAT- 2020/07/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/03 06:00
PMCR- 2020/07/15
CRDT- 2020/07/04 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/06/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JMV26254 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/jmv.26254 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Med Virol. 2021 Jan;93(1):275-299. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26254. Epub 2020 Jul 15.