PMID- 32618394
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210625
LR  - 20210625
IS  - 1939-1676 (Electronic)
IS  - 0891-6640 (Print)
IS  - 0891-6640 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 5
DP  - 2020 Sep
TI  - Kinetics of single and dual simultaneous infection of pigs with swine influenza A 
      virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
PG  - 1903-1913
LID - 10.1111/jvim.15832 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Simultaneous viral infections exhibit the phenomenon of viral 
      interference, but understanding of the effect of one virus on another is limited. 
      OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare clinical characteristics, immune and acute phase 
      response, viral shedding and viral load in pigs singly and doubly inoculated with 
      swine influenza A virus (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 
      virus (PRRSV). ANIMALS: Fifty-four 7-week-old piglets. METHODS: Clinical status 
      and gross lung lesions were scored. Titration of swIAV was carried out in 
      Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The PRRSV RNA was quantified using a commercial 
      qPCR kit. Antibodies were detected by hemagglutination inhibition assay and 
      commercial ELISA. A lymphocyte proliferation assay was used to measure 
      antigen-specific T-cell responses. Acute phase proteins were determined using 
      ELISA. RESULTS: No differences were found between mean clinical scores, swIAV and 
      PRRSV shedding, and magnitude of the humoral and T-cell response between 
      single-inoculated and dual-inoculated groups. Concentrations of C-reactive 
      protein and haptoglobin increased in PRRSV-inoculated and coinoculated groups, 
      whereas serum amyloid A concentration was increased in groups inoculated or 
      coinoculated with swIAV. Mean swIAV TCID(50) titers in the lungs did not differ 
      significantly between coinoculated and swIAV single-inoculated pigs. A 
      significantly higher mean copy number of PRRSV was found in the lungs of PRRSV 
      only-inoculated pigs at 2 day postinoculation (DPI). From 4 DPI, no significant 
      differences in PRRSV load were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: 
      Coinfection of pigs with swIAV and PRRSV did not potentiate clinical signs, lung 
      lesions, immune response, and replication of the viruses in the respiratory 
      tract.
CI  - (c) 2020 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley 
      Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal 
      Medicine.
FAU - Pomorska-Mol, Malgorzata
AU  - Pomorska-Mol M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2220-2730
AD  - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Podgorska, Katarzyna
AU  - Podgorska K
AD  - Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, 
      Poland.
FAU - Czyzewska-Dors, Ewelina
AU  - Czyzewska-Dors E
AD  - Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, 
      Poland.
FAU - Turlewicz-Podbielska, Hanna
AU  - Turlewicz-Podbielska H
AD  - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Gogulski, Maciej
AU  - Gogulski M
AD  - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Wlodarek, Jan
AU  - Wlodarek J
AD  - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Lukomska, Anna
AU  - Lukomska A
AD  - Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary 
      Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
LA  - eng
GR  - 506.514.05.00/Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyzszego/
GR  - DEC-2014/13/B/NZ6/02566/Narodowe Centrum Nauki/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200703
PL  - United States
TA  - J Vet Intern Med
JT  - Journal of veterinary internal medicine
JID - 8708660
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral
MH  - *Dog Diseases
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
MH  - *Influenza A virus
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
MH  - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
MH  - Swine
MH  - *Swine Diseases
PMC - PMC7517861
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - coinfection
OT  - disease
OT  - immune and acute phase response
OT  - viral load
OT  - viral shedding
COIS- Authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/07/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/29 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/01
CRDT- 2020/07/04 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVIM15832 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/jvim.15832 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Vet Intern Med. 2020 Sep;34(5):1903-1913. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15832. Epub 2020 
      Jul 3.