PMID- 32635261
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 7
DP  - 2020 Jul 3
TI  - Immunohistochemical Analysis of Intestinal and Central Nervous System Morphology 
      in an Obese Animal Model (Danio rerio) Treated with 3,5-T2: A Possible Farm 
      Management Practice?
LID - 10.3390/ani10071131 [doi]
LID - 1131
AB  - The 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) is an endogenous metabolite of thyroid 
      hormones, whose administration to rodents fed high-fat diet (HFD) prevents body 
      weight increase and reverts the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory factors 
      associated to HFD. The diet-induced obese (D.I.O.) zebrafish (Danio rerio) has 
      been recently used as an experimental model to investigate fundamental processes 
      underlying central and peripheral obesity-driven inflammation. Herein, we aim to 
      understand the role of 3,5-T2 in regulating central and peripheral inflammation 
      in D.I.O. model of zebrafish. 3,5-T2 (10 nM and 100 nM) was administered with the 
      obesity-inducing diet (D.I.O. with 3,5-T2) or after 4 weeks of obesity-inducing 
      diet (D.I.O. flw 3,5-T2). 3,5-T2 significantly increased the body weight and 
      serum triglyceride levels in D.I.O. zebrafish in both conditions. Moreover, 
      3,5-T2 sustained or increased inflammation in the anterior (AI) and mid (MI) 
      intestine when administered with the obesity-inducing diet, as indicated by the 
      immunoexpression of the inflammatory markers tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), 
      cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), calnexin, caspase 3, and proliferating cell nuclear 
      antigen (PCNA). On the contrary, when 3,5-T2 was administered after the 
      obesity-inducing diet, partly reverted the intestinal alteration induced by 
      D.I.O. In addition, brain inflammation, as indicated by the increase in the 
      activation of microglia, was detected in D.I.O. zebrafish and D.I.O. treated with 
      3,5-T2. These findings reveal that the effects of 3,5-T2 on fish intestine and 
      brain can deviate from those shown in obese mammals, opening new avenues to the 
      investigation of the potential impact of this thyroid metabolite in different 
      diseases including obesity.
FAU - Imperatore, Roberta
AU  - Imperatore R
AD  - Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 
      Benevento, Italy.
AD  - Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National 
      Research Council (ICB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
FAU - Tunisi, Lea
AU  - Tunisi L
AD  - Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National 
      Research Council (ICB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples 
      Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
FAU - Mavaro, Isabella
AU  - Mavaro I
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples 
      Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
AD  - Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 
      80125 Naples, Italy.
FAU - D'Angelo, Livia
AU  - D'Angelo L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5050-642X
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples 
      Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
FAU - Attanasio, Chiara
AU  - Attanasio C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5817-4087
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples 
      Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
AD  - Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 
      80125 Naples, Italy.
FAU - Safari, Omid
AU  - Safari O
AD  - Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi 
      University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.
FAU - Motlagh, Hamidreza Ahmadniaye
AU  - Motlagh HA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0659-0403
AD  - Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi 
      University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.
FAU - De Girolamo, Paolo
AU  - De Girolamo P
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples 
      Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
FAU - Cristino, Luigia
AU  - Cristino L
AD  - Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National 
      Research Council (ICB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
FAU - Varricchio, Ettore
AU  - Varricchio E
AD  - Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 
      Benevento, Italy.
FAU - Paolucci, Marina
AU  - Paolucci M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1784-3843
AD  - Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, 82100 
      Benevento, Italy.
AD  - Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200703
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC7401507
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine
OT  - brain inflammation
OT  - diet-induced obesity
OT  - intestinal inflammation
OT  - zebrafish
COIS- The authors declare that the research was carried out in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be considered as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/07/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/09 06:01
PMCR- 2020/07/03
CRDT- 2020/07/09 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani10071131 [pii]
AID - animals-10-01131 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani10071131 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2020 Jul 3;10(7):1131. doi: 10.3390/ani10071131.