PMID- 32647518
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220415
IS  - 1658-3612 (Electronic)
IS  - 1658-3612 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 3
DP  - 2020 Jun
TI  - The prevalence of lipohypertrophy and its associated factors among Saudi patients 
      with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 224-231
LID - 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.03.006 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to establish the prevalence and associated 
      risk factors of lipohypertrophy (LH) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM) who are on insulin therapy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: 
      This multicenter, cross-sectional study was executed at primary care clinics in 
      King Saud University Medical City and Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital in 
      Riyadh KSA from May 2017 to October 2017. All adult patients over 18 years old 
      with T2DM who had been treated with insulin via either a syringe or pen for at 
      least two years were physically examined for LH. RESULTS: A 39.7% prevalence of 
      LH was found in our study cohort of which as many as 57.5% patients were found to 
      be in LH grade 1, 33.75% grade 2, and 8.75% grade 3. LH was detected in 68.8% 
      patients who used different sites for every injection and in 63.7% (p = 0.182) of 
      patients who had injected more than 60 units per day (p < 0.,0001). Overall 
      logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who used alcohol swabs were 
      2.6 times more likely to develop LH. Interestingly, the patients who used more 
      than 60 units of insulin per day were 0.362 times more likely to develop LH. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Lipohypertrophy is a complication common among patients with T2DM in 
      KSA. It is incumbent upon healthcare providers to raise awareness about LH and to 
      provide extensive education about correct insulin administration among patients 
      with T2DM on insulin therapy.
CI  - (c) 2020 The Authors.
FAU - AlJaber, Amira N
AU  - AlJaber AN
AD  - Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Riyadh, KSA.
FAU - Sales, Ibrahim
AU  - Sales I
AD  - Clinical Pharmacy, Department College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 
      KSA.
FAU - Almigbal, Turky H
AU  - Almigbal TH
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh, KSA.
FAU - Wajid, Syed
AU  - Wajid S
AD  - Clinical Pharmacy, Department College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 
      KSA.
FAU - Batais, Mohammed A
AU  - Batais MA
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh, KSA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200408
PL  - Saudi Arabia
TA  - J Taibah Univ Med Sci
JT  - Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
JID - 101621911
PMC - PMC7336011
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Insulin
OT  - KSA
OT  - Lipohypertrophy
OT  - Prevalence
OT  - Type 2 diabetes
EDAT- 2020/07/11 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/11 06:01
PMCR- 2020/04/08
CRDT- 2020/07/11 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/03/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1658-3612(20)30041-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.03.006 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020 Apr 8;15(3):224-231. doi: 
      10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.03.006. eCollection 2020 Jun.