PMID- 32655989
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2167-8359 (Print)
IS  - 2167-8359 (Electronic)
IS  - 2167-8359 (Linking)
VI  - 8
DP  - 2020
TI  - Microbial community analysis in the gills of abalones suggested possible 
      dominance of epsilonproteobacterium in Haliotis gigantea.
PG  - e9326
LID - 10.7717/peerj.9326 [doi]
LID - e9326
AB  - Gills are important organs for aquatic invertebrates because they harbor 
      chemosynthetic bacteria, which fix inorganic carbon and/or nitrogen and provide 
      their hosts with organic compounds. Nevertheless, in contrast to the intensive 
      researches related to the gut microbiota, much is still needed to further 
      understand the microbiota within the gills of invertebrates. Using abalones as a 
      model, we investigated the community structure of microbes associated with the 
      gills of these invertebrates using next-generation sequencing. Molecular 
      identification of representative bacterial sequences was performed using cloning, 
      nested PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with specific 
      primers or probes. We examined three abalone species, namely Haliotis gigantea, 
      H. discus and H. diversicolor using seawater and stones as controls. Microbiome 
      analysis suggested that the gills of all three abalones had the unclassified 
      Spirochaetaceae (one OTU, 15.7 +/- 0.04%) and Mycoplasma sp. (one OTU, 9.1 +/- 0.03%) 
      as the core microbes. In most libraries from the gills of H. gigantea, however, a 
      previously unknown epsilonproteobacterium species (one OTU) was considered as the 
      dominant bacterium, which accounted for 62.2% of the relative abundance. The 
      epsilonproteobacterium was only detected in the gills of H. diversicolor at 0.2% 
      and not in H. discus suggesting that it may be unique to H. gigantea. 
      Phylogenetic analysis performed using a near full-length 16S rRNA gene placed the 
      uncultured epsilonproteobacterium species at the root of the family 
      Helicobacteraceae. Interestingly, the uncultured epsilonproteobacterium was 
      commonly detected from gill tissue rather than from the gut and foot tissues 
      using a nested PCR assay with uncultured epsilonproteobacterium-specific primers. 
      FISH analysis with the uncultured epsilonproteobacterium-specific probe revealed 
      that probe-reactive cells in H. gigantea had a coccus-like morphology and formed 
      microcolonies on gill tissue. This is the first report to show that 
      epsilonproteobacterium has the potential to be a dominant species in the gills of 
      the coastal gastropod, H. gigantea.
CI  - (c) 2020 Mizutani et al.
FAU - Mizutani, Yukino
AU  - Mizutani Y
AD  - Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
FAU - Mori, Tetsushi
AU  - Mori T
AD  - Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and 
      Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Miyazaki, Taeko
AU  - Miyazaki T
AD  - Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
FAU - Fukuzaki, Satoshi
AU  - Fukuzaki S
AD  - Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
FAU - Tanaka, Reiji
AU  - Tanaka R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7459-0635
AD  - Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200630
PL  - United States
TA  - PeerJ
JT  - PeerJ
JID - 101603425
PMC - PMC7333650
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Abalone
OT  - Epsilonproteobacteria
OT  - Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis
OT  - Gill
OT  - Haliotis gigantea
OT  - Microbial community analysis
COIS- The authors declare there are no competing interests.
EDAT- 2020/07/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/14 06:01
PMCR- 2020/06/30
CRDT- 2020/07/14 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 9326 [pii]
AID - 10.7717/peerj.9326 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PeerJ. 2020 Jun 30;8:e9326. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9326. eCollection 2020.