PMID- 32670557 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210513 IS - 2045-452X (Print) IS - 2045-4538 (Electronic) IS - 2045-452X (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 3 DP - 2020 Jun TI - Novel renal biomarkers show that creatine supplementation is safe: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. PG - 263-270 LID - 10.1093/toxres/tfaa028 [doi] AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of creatine supplementation (CS) on renal function in young, healthy, and active subjects. We used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial as the study design. Thirty-six healthy male university students were recruited and divided into three groups: group placebo, group G3 (3 g/day of CS), and group G5 (5 g/day of CS). To assess renal function, new kidney biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), were quantified. Serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, and albuminuria were also measured. All groups were evaluated at two times: prior CS or placebo (pre) and after 35 days on CS or placebo (post). After 35 days of intervention, all characteristics were maintained without significant difference (P > 0.05) between the groups, including serum creatinine, eGFR, and more sensitive kidney biomarker concentrations (KIM-1 and MCP-1). The paired analysis showed that the supplemented groups (G3 and 5G) had increased serum creatinine and decreased eGFR levels (P < 0.05). However, the values were still within the normal reference range. In conclusion, the results of renal function evaluation did not show any difference between the evaluated groups. Increased serum creatinine and decreased eGFR levels in CS groups can be explained by increased creatine stores and metabolism, since creatinine is a by-product of creatine metabolism. These findings indicate that the use of CS at doses of 3 g and 5 g/day for a short period (35 days) is safe and did not impair the kidneys or renal function in young healthy subjects. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - de Oliveira Vilar Neto, Jose AU - de Oliveira Vilar Neto J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1910-7863 AD - Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Alexandre Barauna street, 949-Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil. AD - Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceara, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil. FAU - da Silva, Carlos Alberto AU - da Silva CA AD - Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceara, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil. FAU - Meneses, Gdayllon Cavalcante AU - Meneses GC AD - Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Alexandre Barauna street, 949-Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil. AD - Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceara, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil. FAU - Pinto, Daniel Vieira AU - Pinto DV AD - Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Alexandre Barauna street, 949-Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil. FAU - Brito, Luciana Catunda AU - Brito LC AD - Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceara, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil. FAU - da Cruz Fonseca, Said Goncalves AU - da Cruz Fonseca SG AD - Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceara, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil. FAU - de Sousa Alves, Renata AU - de Sousa Alves R AD - Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceara, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil. FAU - Martins, Alice Maria Costa AU - Martins AMC AD - Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceara, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil. FAU - de Oliveira Assumpcao, Claudio AU - de Oliveira Assumpcao C AD - Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceara, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil. FAU - De Francesco Daher, Elizabeth AU - De Francesco Daher E AD - Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Alexandre Barauna street, 949-Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200513 PL - England TA - Toxicol Res (Camb) JT - Toxicology research JID - 101587950 PMC - PMC7329184 OTO - NOTNLM OT - KIM-1 OT - MCP-1 OT - creatinine OT - kidney injury OT - sports supplementation EDAT- 2020/07/17 06:00 MHDA- 2020/07/17 06:01 PMCR- 2021/05/13 CRDT- 2020/07/17 06:00 PHST- 2019/11/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/03/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/04/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/07/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/07/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/07/17 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2021/05/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - tfaa028 [pii] AID - 10.1093/toxres/tfaa028 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Toxicol Res (Camb). 2020 May 13;9(3):263-270. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa028. eCollection 2020 Jun.