PMID- 32678798
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210315
LR  - 20210315
IS  - 2291-5222 (Electronic)
IS  - 2291-5222 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 9
DP  - 2020 Sep 11
TI  - Identification of Type 2 Diabetes Management Mobile App Features and Engagement 
      Strategies: Modified Delphi Approach.
PG  - e17083
LID - 10.2196/17083 [doi]
LID - e17083
AB  - BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a significant public health issue. Saudi Arabia has the 
      highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Arab world. 
      Currently, it affects 31.6% of the general population, and the prevalence of T2DM 
      is predicted to rise to 45.36% by 2030. Mobile health (mHealth) offers improved 
      and cost-effective care to people with T2DM. However, the efficiency of 
      engagement strategies and features of this technology need to be reviewed and 
      standardized according to stakeholder and expert perspectives. OBJECTIVE: The 
      main objective of this study was to identify the most agreed-upon features for 
      T2DM self-management mobile apps; the secondary objective was to identify the 
      most agreed-upon strategies that prompt users to use these apps. METHODS: In this 
      study, a 4-round modified Delphi method was applied by experts in the domain of 
      diabetes care. RESULTS: In total, 11 experts with a mean age of 47.09 years (SD 
      11.70) consented to participate in the study. Overall, 36 app features were 
      generated. The group of experts displayed weak agreement in their ranking of 
      intervention components (Kendall W=0.275; P<.001). The top 5 features included 
      insulin dose adjustment according to carbohydrate counting and blood glucose 
      readings (5.36), alerting a caregiver of abnormal or critical readings (6.09), 
      nutrition education (12.45), contacts for guidance if required (12.64), and 
      offering patient-specific education tailored to the user's goals, needs, and 
      blood glucose readings (12.90). In total, 21 engagement strategies were 
      generated. Overall, the experts showed a moderate degree of consensus in their 
      strategy rankings (Kendall W=0.454; P<.001). The top 5 engagement strategies 
      included a user-friendly design (educational and age-appropriate design; 2.82), a 
      free app (3.73), allowing the user to communicate or send information/data to a 
      health care provider (HCP; 5.36), HCPs prescribing the mobile app in the clinic 
      and asking about patients' app use compliance during clinical visits (6.91), and 
      flexibility and customization (7.91). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in the 
      region consisting of a local panel of experts from the diabetes field gathering 
      together. We used an iterative process to combine the experts' opinions into a 
      group consensus. The results of this study could thus be useful for health app 
      developers and HCPs and inform future decision making on the topic.
CI  - (c)Hanan A Alenazi, Amr Jamal, Mohammed A Batais. Originally published in JMIR 
      mHealth and uHealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 11.09.2020.
FAU - Alenazi, Hanan A
AU  - Alenazi HA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0689-4909
AD  - National Health Information Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Jamal, Amr
AU  - Jamal A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4051-6592
AD  - Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Batais, Mohammed A
AU  - Batais MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6766-7553
AD  - Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200911
PL  - Canada
TA  - JMIR Mhealth Uhealth
JT  - JMIR mHealth and uHealth
JID - 101624439
SB  - IM
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Mobile Applications
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - State Medicine
PMC - PMC7519429
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Delphi consensus
OT  - diabetes
OT  - engagement strategies
OT  - mobile app
OT  - mobile features
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2020/07/18 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/16 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/11
CRDT- 2020/07/18 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v8i9e17083 [pii]
AID - 10.2196/17083 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Sep 11;8(9):e17083. doi: 10.2196/17083.