PMID- 32707564
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210630
LR  - 20220107
IS  - 1543-2742 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-484X (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 5
DP  - 2020 Sep 1
TI  - Carbohydrate Hydrogel Products Do Not Improve Performance or Gastrointestinal 
      Distress During Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise.
PG  - 305-314
LID - ijsnem.2020-0102 [pii]
LID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0102 [doi]
AB  - The benefits of ingesting exogenous carbohydrate (CHO) during prolonged exercise 
      performance are well established. A recent food technology innovation has seen 
      sodium alginate and pectin included in solutions of multiple transportable CHO, 
      to encapsulate them at pH levels found in the stomach. Marketing claims include 
      enhanced gastric emptying and delivery of CHO to the muscle with less 
      gastrointestinal distress, leading to better sports performance. Emerging 
      literature around such claims was identified by searching electronic databases; 
      inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials investigating metabolic 
      and/or exercise performance parameters during endurance exercise >1 hr, with CHO 
      hydrogels versus traditional CHO fluids and/or noncaloric hydrogels. Limitations 
      associated with the heterogeneity of exercise protocols and control comparisons 
      are noted. To date, improvements in exercise performance/capacity have not been 
      clearly demonstrated with ingestion of CHO hydrogels above traditional CHO 
      fluids. Studies utilizing isotopic tracers demonstrate similar rates of exogenous 
      CHO oxidation, and subjective ratings of gastrointestinal distress do not appear 
      to be different. Overall, data do not support any metabolic or performance 
      advantages to exogenous CHO delivery in hydrogel form over traditional CHO 
      preparations; although, one study demonstrates a possible glycogen sparing 
      effect. The authors note that the current literature has largely failed to 
      investigate the conditions under which maximal CHO availability is needed; 
      high-performance athletes undertaking prolonged events at high relative and 
      absolute exercise intensities. Although investigations are needed to better 
      target the testimonials provided about CHO hydrogels, current evidence suggests 
      that they are similar in outcome and a benefit to traditional CHO sources.
FAU - King, Andy J
AU  - King AJ
AD  - Australian Catholic University.
FAU - Rowe, Joshua T
AU  - Rowe JT
AD  - University of Leeds.
FAU - Burke, Louise M
AU  - Burke LM
AD  - Australian Catholic University.
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200723
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
JT  - International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
JID - 100939812
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Hydrogels)
SB  - IM
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage/metabolism
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Dyspepsia/etiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Energy Metabolism
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Gastric Emptying
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hydrogels
MH  - Lipid Metabolism
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Physical Endurance/*physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - encapsulated carbohydrate
OT  - glycogen
OT  - gut
OT  - oxidation
OT  - sports drink
OT  - sports nutrition
EDAT- 2020/07/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/01 06:00
CRDT- 2020/07/25 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/06/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/25 06:00 [entrez]
AID - ijsnem.2020-0102 [pii]
AID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0102 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2020 Sep 1;30(5):305-314. doi: 
      10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0102. Epub 2020 Jul 23.