PMID- 32708104
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201116
LR  - 20201116
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 14
DP  - 2020 Jul 21
TI  - Effect of HNO(3) and H(2)SO(4) on the Paddy Ecosystem: A Mesocosm Study with 
      Exposure at PNEC and HC(50) Levels.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph17145244 [doi]
LID - 5244
AB  - Paddy mesocosms comprising of rice (Oryza sativa), snail (Pomacea canaliculata), 
      and worm (Tubifex tubifex) were used to assess the damage caused by two acids 
      (HNO(3) and H(2)SO(4)) at predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) and hazardous 
      concentration for 50% of species (HC(50)) levels. In the fourth week, the fresh 
      weight and shoot height of O. sativa at H(2)SO(4)-HC(50) were reduced by 83.2% 
      and 30.3%, respectively. Wilted leaves (%) at HC(50) were approximately twice 
      that at PNEC. No P. canaliculata and T. tubifex were recovered at HC(50). At 
      H(2)SO(4)-PNEC, the length and weight of P. canaliculata were reduced by 7.4% and 
      25.9%, respectively, whereas fewer adult (46.5%) and juvenile (84%) T. tubifex 
      were recovered. In the 20th week, rice growth and productivity were correlated 
      with initial pH (pH(i)) and nitrogen levels. Poor correlation with chlorophyll at 
      the active tillering stage suggests the disturbance of nutrient uptake by roots. 
      Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) results further supported that the 
      pH(i) directly affects grain yield and quality, as well as plant growth. The 
      indirect effect via intervening fourth-week-variables was also substantial. 
      Therefore, it is important to measure initial pH upon acid spill to estimate the 
      risk to the paddy ecosystem. Information on the change in soil properties 
      associated with acidity will also aid in predicting the yield and quality of 
      grain to be harvested.
FAU - Park, Minseok
AU  - Park M
AD  - Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 
      Seoul 02841, Korea.
FAU - Hwang, Wonjae
AU  - Hwang W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9537-9601
AD  - Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 
      Seoul 02841, Korea.
FAU - Son, Jino
AU  - Son J
AD  - Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 
      Seoul 02841, Korea.
FAU - Wee, June
AU  - Wee J
AD  - Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 
      Seoul 02841, Korea.
FAU - Cho, Kijong
AU  - Cho K
AD  - Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 
      Seoul 02841, Korea.
FAU - Hyun, Seunghun
AU  - Hyun S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8806-5834
AD  - Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 
      Seoul 02841, Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200721
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Edible Grain/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Oryza
MH  - Soil/*chemistry
MH  - Soil Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity
PMC - PMC7400452
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - acid spill
OT  - nitric acid
OT  - paddy mesocosm
OT  - rice (Oryza sativa)
OT  - sulfuric acid
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/07/28 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/18 06:00
PMCR- 2020/07/01
CRDT- 2020/07/26 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph17145244 [pii]
AID - ijerph-17-05244 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph17145244 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 21;17(14):5244. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph17145244.