PMID- 32712135 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20211029 LR - 20231110 IS - 1873-1635 (Electronic) IS - 1350-9462 (Print) IS - 1350-9462 (Linking) VI - 80 DP - 2021 Jan TI - Plexus-specific retinal vascular anatomy and pathologies as seen by projection-resolved optical coherence tomographic angiography. PG - 100878 LID - S1350-9462(20)30050-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100878 [doi] AB - Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) is a novel technology capable of imaging retinal vasculature three-dimensionally at capillary scale without the need to inject any extrinsic dye contrast. However, projection artifacts cause superficial retinal vascular patterns to be duplicated in deeper layers, thus interfering with the clean visualization of some retinal plexuses and vascular pathologies. Projection-resolved OCTA (PR-OCTA) uses post-processing algorithms to reduce projection artifacts. With PR-OCTA, it is now possible to resolve up to 4 distinct retinal vascular plexuses in the living human eye. The technology also allows us to detect and distinguish between various retinal and optic nerve diseases. For example, optic nerve diseases such as glaucoma primarily reduces the capillary density in the superficial vascular complex, which comprises the nerve fiber layer plexus and the ganglion cell layer plexus. Outer retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa primarily reduce the capillary density in the deep vascular complex, which comprises the intermediate capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and vein occlusion affect all plexuses, but with different patterns of capillary loss and vascular malformations. PR-OCTA is also useful in distinguishing various types of choroidal neovascularization and monitoring their response to anti-angiogenic medications. In retinal angiomatous proliferation and macular telangiectasia type 2, PR-OCTA can trace the pathologic vascular extension into deeper layers as the disease progress through stages. Plexus-specific visualization and measurement of retinal vascular changes are improving our ability to diagnose, stage, monitor, and assess treatment response in a wide variety of optic nerve and retinal diseases. These applications will be further enhanced with the continuing improvement of the speed and resolution of the OCT platforms, as well as the development of software algorithms to reduce artifacts, improve image quality, and make quantitative measurements. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Hormel, Tristan T AU - Hormel TT AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Jia, Yali AU - Jia Y AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Jian, Yifan AU - Jian Y AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Hwang, Thomas S AU - Hwang TS AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Bailey, Steven T AU - Bailey ST AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Pennesi, Mark E AU - Pennesi ME AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Wilson, David J AU - Wilson DJ AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Morrison, John C AU - Morrison JC AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. FAU - Huang, David AU - Huang D AD - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. Electronic address: davidhuang@alum.mit.edu. LA - eng GR - R01 EY023285/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 EY010572/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY024544/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY010145/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 EY027833/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 EY023211/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20200724 PL - England TA - Prog Retin Eye Res JT - Progress in retinal and eye research JID - 9431859 SB - IM MH - Blood Flow Velocity/physiology MH - Computed Tomography Angiography MH - *Fluorescein Angiography/methods MH - Humans MH - Multimodal Imaging MH - Regional Blood Flow/physiology MH - Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology MH - Retinal Vessels/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/*pathology MH - *Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods PMC - PMC7855241 MID - NIHMS1621797 COIS- Disclosures David Huang, Yali Jia and OHSU have financial interest in Optovue Inc. and Yifan Jian has financial interests in Seymour Vision Inc. EDAT- 2020/07/28 06:00 MHDA- 2021/10/30 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2020/07/27 06:00 PHST- 2019/11/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/05/13 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/05/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/07/28 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/10/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/07/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1350-9462(20)30050-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100878 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021 Jan;80:100878. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100878. Epub 2020 Jul 24.