PMID- 32717891
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210312
LR  - 20240329
IS  - 2072-6651 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6651 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2020 Jul 23
TI  - Nature-Identical Compounds and Organic Acids Reduce E. coli K88 Growth and 
      Virulence Gene Expression In Vitro.
LID - 10.3390/toxins12080468 [doi]
LID - 468
AB  - Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is one of the long-standing challenges in pig 
      husbandry. Due to the risks of resistance caused by antibiotics (AB) misuse, 
      conventional treatments against Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88), the PWD 
      etiological agent, urgently need to be replaced. Organic acids (OA) and 
      nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in 
      infection management thanks to their recognized antimicrobial activity. This 
      study investigated the susceptibility of an E. coli K88 field strain to a wide 
      panel of AB, NIC, and OA. Secondly, we evaluated the ability of sub-lethal doses 
      of the most active compounds to modulate the expression of E. coli K88 virulence 
      genes. Results showed that the bacterial strain was resistant to many of the 
      tested antibiotics, but an antimicrobial action was registered for selected NIC 
      and OA. The quantitative PCR analysis revealed that thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, 
      and benzoic acid were able to downregulate (p < 0.05) the expression of bacterial 
      genes related to motility, adhesion to enterocytes, heat-labile (LT) and 
      heat-stable (ST) toxin secretion, quorum sensing, and biofilm formation. 
      Therefore, this study demonstrated that selected OA and NIC not only control E. 
      coli K88 growth but also modulate the expression of many virulence genes at 
      sub-lethal doses, thus offering new insights on their mechanism of action and 
      suggesting a powerful tool to manage PWD.
FAU - Bonetti, Andrea
AU  - Bonetti A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5597-748X
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, via 
      Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
FAU - Tugnoli, Benedetta
AU  - Tugnoli B
AD  - Vetagro S.p.A., via Porro 2, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
FAU - Rossi, Barbara
AU  - Rossi B
AD  - Vetagro S.p.A., via Porro 2, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
FAU - Giovagnoni, Giulia
AU  - Giovagnoni G
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, via 
      Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
FAU - Piva, Andrea
AU  - Piva A
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, via 
      Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
AD  - Vetagro S.p.A., via Porro 2, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
FAU - Grilli, Ester
AU  - Grilli E
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, via 
      Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
AD  - Vetagro Inc., 116 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite #320, Chicago, IL 60604, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200723
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxins (Basel)
JT  - Toxins
JID - 101530765
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Carboxylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Phytochemicals)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Carboxylic Acids/*pharmacology
MH  - Escherichia coli/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects
MH  - Hydrocarbons/*pharmacology
MH  - Phytochemicals/*pharmacology
MH  - Virulence/genetics
PMC - PMC7472126
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Escherichia coli K88
OT  - antibiotics
OT  - enterotoxins
OT  - nature identical compounds
OT  - organic acids
OT  - pigs
OT  - post-weaning diarrhoea
OT  - virulence regulation
COIS- Andrea Piva serves as a professor at the University of Bologna and is a member of 
      the board of directors of Vetagro S.p.A. (Reggio Emilia, Italy). Ester Grilli 
      serves as an advisor of Vetagro S.p.A.
EDAT- 2020/07/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/13 06:00
PMCR- 2020/08/01
CRDT- 2020/07/29 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxins12080468 [pii]
AID - toxins-12-00468 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxins12080468 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxins (Basel). 2020 Jul 23;12(8):468. doi: 10.3390/toxins12080468.