PMID- 32719699
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1664-462X (Print)
IS  - 1664-462X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-462X (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Variation of Secondary Metabolite Profile of Zataria multiflora Boiss. 
      Populations Linked to Geographic, Climatic, and Edaphic Factors.
PG  - 969
LID - 10.3389/fpls.2020.00969 [doi]
LID - 969
AB  - Geographic location and connected environmental and edaphic factors like 
      temperature, rainfall, soil type, and composition influence the presence and the 
      total content of specific plant compounds as well as the presence of a certain 
      chemotype. This study evaluated whether geographic, edaphic, and climatic 
      information can be utilized to predict the presence of specific compounds from 
      medicinal or aromatic plants. Furthermore, we tested rapid analytical methods 
      based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) coupled with gas chromatography/flame 
      ionization (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical 
      methods for characterization and classification metabolite profiling of Zataria 
      multiflora Boiss. populations. Z. multiflora is an aromatic, perennial plant with 
      interesting pharmacological and biological properties. It is widely dispersed in 
      Iran as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Here, we studied the effect of 
      environmental factors on essential oil (EO) content and the composition and 
      distribution of chemotypes. Our results indicate that this species grows 
      predominantly in areas rich in calcium, iron, potassium, and aluminum, with mean 
      rainfall of 40.46 to 302.72 mm.year(-1) and mean annual temperature of 14.90 degrees C to 
      28.80 degrees C. EO content ranged from 2.75% to 5.89%. Carvacrol (10.56-73.31%), thymol 
      (3.51-48.12%), linalool (0.90-55.38%), and p-cymene (1.66-13.96%) were the major 
      constituents, which classified 14 populations into three chemotypes. 
      Corresponding to the phytochemical cluster analysis, the hierarchical cluster 
      analysis (HCA) based on NIR data also recognized the carvacrol, thymol, and 
      linalool chemotypes. Hence, NIR has the potential to be applied as a useful tool 
      to determine rapidly the chemotypes of Z. multiflora and similar herbs. EO and EO 
      constituent content correlated with different geographic location, climate, and 
      edaphic factors. The structural equation models (SEMs) approach revealed direct 
      effects of soil factors (texture, phosphor, pH) and mostly indirect effects of 
      latitude and altitude directly affecting, e.g., soil factors. Our approach of 
      identifying environmental predictors for EO content, chemotype or presence of 
      high amounts of specific compounds can help to select regions for sampling plant 
      material with the desired chemical profile for direct use or for breeding.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Karimi, Krahmer, Herwig, Schulz, Hadian and Meiners.
FAU - Karimi, Ali
AU  - Karimi A
AD  - Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, 
      Julius Kuhn Institute, Berlin, Germany.
AD  - Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Krahmer, Andrea
AU  - Krahmer A
AD  - Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, 
      Julius Kuhn Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Herwig, Nadine
AU  - Herwig N
AD  - Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, 
      Julius Kuhn Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Schulz, Hartwig
AU  - Schulz H
AD  - Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, 
      Julius Kuhn Institute, Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Hadian, Javad
AU  - Hadian J
AD  - Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid 
      Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Meiners, Torsten
AU  - Meiners T
AD  - Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, 
      Julius Kuhn Institute, Berlin, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200703
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Plant Sci
JT  - Frontiers in plant science
JID - 101568200
PMC - PMC7348666
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Zataria multiflora Boiss
OT  - carvacrol
OT  - chemical diversity
OT  - environmental factors
OT  - essential oil
OT  - linalool
OT  - near-infrared spectroscopy
OT  - soil chemistry
EDAT- 2020/07/29 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/29 06:01
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2020/07/29 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpls.2020.00969 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Plant Sci. 2020 Jul 3;11:969. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00969. eCollection 
      2020.