PMID- 32727076
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210224
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1999-4915 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4915 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2020 Jul 27
TI  - Strain-Specific Epigenetic Regulation of Endogenous Retroviruses: The Role of 
      Trans-Acting Modifiers.
LID - 10.3390/v12080810 [doi]
LID - 810
AB  - Approximately 10 percent of the mouse genome consists of endogenous retroviruses 
      (ERVs), relics of ancient retroviral infections that are classified based on 
      their relatedness to exogenous retroviral genera. Because of the ability of ERVs 
      to retrotranspose, as well as their cis-acting regulatory potential due to 
      functional elements located within the elements, mammalian ERVs are generally 
      subject to epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation and repressive histone 
      modifications. The mobilisation and expansion of ERV elements is strain-specific, 
      leading to ERVs being highly polymorphic between inbred mouse strains, hinting at 
      the possibility of the strain-specific regulation of ERVs. In this review, we 
      describe the existing evidence of mouse strain-specific epigenetic control of 
      ERVs and discuss the implications of differential ERV regulation on epigenetic 
      inheritance models. We consider Kruppel-associated box domain (KRAB) zinc finger 
      proteins as likely candidates for strain-specific ERV modifiers, drawing on 
      insights gained from the study of the strain-specific behaviour of transgenes. We 
      conclude by considering the coevolution of KRAB zinc finger proteins and actively 
      transposing ERV elements, and highlight the importance of cross-strain studies in 
      elucidating the mechanisms and consequences of strain-specific ERV regulation.
FAU - Elmer, Jessica L
AU  - Elmer JL
AD  - Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
FAU - Ferguson-Smith, Anne C
AU  - Ferguson-Smith AC
AD  - Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - 210757/Z/18/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - MR/R009791/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - BB/R009996/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United 
      Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200727
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Viruses
JT  - Viruses
JID - 101509722
RN  - 0 (Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics
MH  - *Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/*genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred Strains
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic
MH  - Retroviridae Infections
MH  - Trans-Activators/*genetics
PMC - PMC7472028
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ERVs
OT  - KRAB zinc finger proteins
OT  - epigenetic regulation
OT  - metastable epialleles
OT  - modifiers
OT  - strain-specific
OT  - transgenes
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.
EDAT- 2020/07/31 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/25 06:00
PMCR- 2020/08/01
CRDT- 2020/07/31 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/07/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/07/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v12080810 [pii]
AID - viruses-12-00810 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/v12080810 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Viruses. 2020 Jul 27;12(8):810. doi: 10.3390/v12080810.