PMID- 32741687
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211027
LR  - 20211027
IS  - 1873-5347 (Electronic)
IS  - 0277-9536 (Linking)
VI  - 288
DP  - 2021 Nov
TI  - A geospatial analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the food environment in 
      urban New Zealand.
PG  - 113231
LID - S0277-9536(20)30450-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113231 [doi]
AB  - The aim of this research is to analyse the spatial epidemiology of Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and investigate associations with the built environment 
      in urban New Zealand. Data on T2DM was sourced from the New Zealand Virtual 
      Diabetes Register (2016), and data on environmental variables sourced from the 
      Ministry for Primary Industries and Territorial Authorities (2013-2016). Novel 
      measures of the built environment using an enhanced two-step floating catchment 
      area model were established using data on fast food outlets, takeaways, 
      dairy/convenience stores, supermarkets and fruit/vegetable stores. Rates of T2DM 
      per 1000 population and standardised morbidity ratios were computed and 
      visualised for all urban areas. Getis Ord was used to assess spatial clustering, 
      and Bayesian modelling was used to understand associations between T2DM and 
      environmental variables. Results indicate that T2DM is influenced by demographic 
      factors, spatially clustered and associated with accessibility to environmental 
      exposures. Health-promoting resources, such as fruit/vegetable stores, were shown 
      to have a consistently protective effect on T2DM while those considered 
      detrimental to health showed varying, and largely insignificant, associations. 
      This is the first study in New Zealand to spatially quantify the effects of 
      multiple environmental exposures on population level T2DM for all urban areas 
      using a geospatial approach. It has implications for both policy and future 
      research efforts as a deeper knowledge of local environments forms a basis on 
      which to better understand spatial associations between the built environment and 
      health, as well as formulate policy directed toward environmental influences on 
      chronic health conditions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wiki, Jesse
AU  - Wiki J
AD  - GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, 
      New Zealand. Electronic address: jesse.wiki@canterbury.ac.nz.
FAU - Kingham, Simon
AU  - Kingham S
AD  - GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, 
      New Zealand; School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Campbell, Malcolm
AU  - Campbell M
AD  - GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, 
      New Zealand; School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, New 
      Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200726
PL  - England
TA  - Soc Sci Med
JT  - Social science & medicine (1982)
JID - 8303205
SB  - IM
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Built Environment
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Food Supply
MH  - Humans
MH  - New Zealand/epidemiology
MH  - Residence Characteristics
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Built environment
OT  - Epidemiology
OT  - Food environment
OT  - Geospatial
OT  - New Zealand
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2020/08/04 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/28 06:00
CRDT- 2020/08/04 06:00
PHST- 2020/05/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0277-9536(20)30450-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113231 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Soc Sci Med. 2021 Nov;288:113231. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113231. Epub 2020 
      Jul 26.