PMID- 32751162
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2076-3425 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 8
DP  - 2020 Jul 29
TI  - Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Mitigates Mental Fatigue Effects on Maximal Incremental 
      Test Performance, but Not in Cortical Alterations.
LID - 10.3390/brainsci10080493 [doi]
LID - 493
AB  - Detrimental mental fatigue effects on exercise performance have been documented 
      in constant workload and time trial exercises, but effects on a maximal 
      incremental test (MIT) remain poorly investigated. Mental fatigue-reduced 
      exercise performance is related to an increased effort sensation, likely due to a 
      reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and inhibited spontaneous behavior. 
      Interestingly, only a few studies verified if centrally active compounds may 
      mitigate such effects. For example, carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse potentiates 
      exercise performance and reduces effort sensation, likely through its effects on 
      PFC activation. However, it is unknown if this centrally mediated effect of CHO 
      mouth rinse may mitigate mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance. After a 
      proof-of-principle study, showing a mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, we 
      observed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated MIT performance reductions in mentally 
      fatigued cyclists, regardless of PFC alterations. When compared to placebo, 
      mentally fatigued cyclists improved MIT performance by 2.24-2.33% when rinsing 
      their mouth with CHO during MIT. However, PFC and motor cortex activation during 
      MIT in both CHO and placebo mouth rinses were greater than in mental fatigue. 
      Results showed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated the mental fatigue-reduced MIT 
      performance, but challenged the role of CHO mouth rinse on PFC and motor cortex 
      activation.
FAU - Brietzke, Cayque
AU  - Brietzke C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7557-3140
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
AD  - Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of Sao 
      Paulo, Avenida Sena Madureira 1500, Brazil.
FAU - Franco-Alvarenga, Paulo Estevao
AU  - Franco-Alvarenga PE
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
AD  - Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of Sao 
      Paulo, Avenida Sena Madureira 1500, Brazil.
FAU - Canestri, Raul
AU  - Canestri R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5872-471X
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
FAU - Goethel, Marcio Fagundes
AU  - Goethel MF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4382-0159
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
AD  - Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4000 Porto, 
      Portugal.
FAU - Vinicius, Italo
AU  - Vinicius I
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
FAU - Painelli, Vitor de Salles
AU  - Painelli VS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5828-9669
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
AD  - Strength Training Study and Research Group, Institute of Health Sciences, 
      Paulista University, Sao Paulo 05347-020, Brazil.
FAU - Santos, Tony Meireles
AU  - Santos TM
AD  - Physical Education Program, Research Center for Performance and Health, Federal 
      University of Pernambuco, Recife 52071-030, Brazil.
FAU - Hettinga, Florentina Johanna
AU  - Hettinga FJ
AD  - Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, 
      Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK.
FAU - Pires, Flavio Oliveira
AU  - Pires FO
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4538-1751
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
AD  - Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of Sao 
      Paulo, Avenida Sena Madureira 1500, Brazil.
LA  - eng
GR  - #2016/16496-3/Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo/
GR  - #307072/2016-9/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico/
GR  - 001/Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200729
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Brain Sci
JT  - Brain sciences
JID - 101598646
PMC - PMC7465505
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - brain regulation
OT  - cognitive performance
OT  - physical performance
OT  - supplementation
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/08/06 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/06 06:01
PMCR- 2020/08/01
CRDT- 2020/08/06 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/08/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - brainsci10080493 [pii]
AID - brainsci-10-00493 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/brainsci10080493 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Sci. 2020 Jul 29;10(8):493. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10080493.