PMID- 32760420
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1664-462X (Print)
IS  - 1664-462X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-462X (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Biomonitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Deposition in Greenland Using 
      Historical Moss Herbarium Specimens Shows a Decrease in Pollution During the 
      20(th) Century.
PG  - 1085
LID - 10.3389/fpls.2020.01085 [doi]
LID - 1085
AB  - Although most point sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including 
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are at lower latitudes, the Arctic 
      region is contaminated. In particular, PAHs now dominate the POP body burden of 
      the region's marine biota at the lower trophic levels. Greenlandic Inuits have 
      the most elevated levels of POPs in their blood compared to any other population, 
      due to their consumption of seal meat and other marine mammals. PAHs, the 
      by-products of the incomplete combustion of petroleum products, are known 
      carcinogens and have been shown to affect the immune system, reproduction, 
      endocrine functions, and the nervous system. With industrial activities and 
      climate change set to increase local PAH emissions, it is paramount to document 
      changes in atmospheric PAH deposition to further investigate PAH exposure in the 
      region and attribute contaminations to their sources. As a measure of atmospheric 
      pollution, we sampled bryophyte herbarium specimens of three common and 
      widespread species collected in Greenland between the 1920s and 1970s after which 
      time new collections were not available. They were analyzed for 19 PAHs using 
      GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). The presence of more 
      low-molecular-weight PAHs than high-molecular-weight PAHs is evidence that the 
      PAH contamination in Greenland is due to long-range transport rather than 
      originating from local sources. The results show peaks in PAH atmospheric 
      deposition in the first part of the 19th century followed by a trend of decrease, 
      which mirror global trends in atmospheric pollution known from those periods. 
      PAHs associated with wood and fossil-fuel combustion decrease in the 1970s 
      coinciding with the disappearance of charcoal pits and foundries in Europe and 
      North America, and a shift away from domestic heating with wood during the 19(th) 
      century. The results highlight the value of bryophytes as bioindicators to 
      measure PAH atmospheric pollution as well as the unrealized potential of herbaria 
      as historical records of environmental change.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Martinez-Swatson, Mihaly, Lange, Ernst, Dela Cruz, Price, 
      Mikkelsen, Christensen, Lundholm and Ronsted.
FAU - Martinez-Swatson, Karen
AU  - Martinez-Swatson K
AD  - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Mihaly, Eszter
AU  - Mihaly E
AD  - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Lange, Christian
AU  - Lange C
AD  - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Ernst, Madeleine
AU  - Ernst M
AD  - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen, Denmark.
AD  - Center for Newborn Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum 
      Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Dela Cruz, Majbrit
AU  - Dela Cruz M
AD  - Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of 
      Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
FAU - Price, Michelle J
AU  - Price MJ
AD  - Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland.
FAU - Mikkelsen, Teis Norgaard
AU  - Mikkelsen TN
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 
      Denmark.
FAU - Christensen, Jan H
AU  - Christensen JH
AD  - Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of 
      Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
FAU - Lundholm, Nina
AU  - Lundholm N
AD  - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Ronsted, Nina
AU  - Ronsted N
AD  - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 
      Copenhagen, Denmark.
AD  - Science and Conservation, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI, United 
      States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200715
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Plant Sci
JT  - Frontiers in plant science
JID - 101568200
PMC - PMC7373755
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
OT  - Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
OT  - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
OT  - atmospheric pollution
OT  - bioindicators
OT  - bryophytes
OT  - herbaria
OT  - historical trends
EDAT- 2020/08/08 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/08 06:01
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2020/08/08 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/08/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpls.2020.01085 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Plant Sci. 2020 Jul 15;11:1085. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01085. eCollection 
      2020.