PMID- 32764416
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 8
DP  - 2020 Aug 5
TI  - Blowing Kinetics, Pressure Resistance, Thermal Stability, and Relaxation of the 
      Amorphous Phase of the PET Container in the SBM Process with Hot and Cold Mold. 
      Part I: Research Methodology and Results.
LID - 10.3390/polym12081749 [doi]
LID - 1749
AB  - The technology of filling drinks without preservatives (such as fresh juices, 
      iced tea drinks, vitaminized drinks) is carried out using hot filling. Mainly due 
      to the production costs and lower carbon footprint, polyethylene terephthalate 
      bottles, commonly called PET, are increasingly used in this technology. In this 
      paper, the main aim is to describe the statistical analysis methodology of the 
      influence of the temperature of the blow mold in the SBM process and the method 
      of hot filling on the macroscopic and microscopic bottle properties. The 
      macroscopic bottle properties were defined by the thickness profile, pressure 
      resistance, thermal stability, and the coefficients of blowing kinetics. 
      Moreover, the influence of the SBM (stretch blow moulding) process on the 
      microscopic PET material properties (in the bottle) relative to the microscopic 
      preform properties was analyzed. The microscopic properties were defined by the 
      degree of crystallite, density, and relaxation of the amorphous phase of the PET 
      material. For this purpose, response surface experiments were performed for the 
      two analyzed factors (independent variables), i.e., the temperature of the blow 
      mold and the method of hot filling. The sample size was investigated to determine 
      the minimum number of repetitions (number of bottles in the measurement series) 
      required to achieve acceptable measurement uncertainty. The research conducted 
      shows that despite fulfilling the postulate of acceptable measurement 
      uncertainty, in terms of the power of ANOVA (analysis of variance) in DOE (design 
      of experiment) the accepted number of bottles in the measurement series is too 
      small. The tests of the bottle material density, material crystallite, and 
      relaxation of amorphous phase relative to the preform material density, material 
      crystallite, and relaxation of amorphous phase show that the microcavity effects 
      occur during the deformation of the PET material, and that these are associated 
      with the orientation of the microstructure. The blow kinetics study shows that 
      there is a gradient of flow of the bottle material over the thickness of the 
      bottle wall during blowing, and it has been deduced that the air temperature 
      between the blow mold and the wall of the blown bottle has an impact on the 
      kinetics of blowing the bottle.
FAU - Wawrzyniak, Pawel
AU  - Wawrzyniak P
AD  - Institute of Machine Design Fundamentals, Faculty of Automotive and Construction 
      Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 82-524 Warsaw, Poland.
FAU - Karaszewski, Waldemar
AU  - Karaszewski W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3085-9468
AD  - Department of Machine Design and Motor Vehicles, Faculty of Mechanical 
      Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
LA  - eng
GR  - POIR.01.01.01-00-0089/16-01/The National Centre for Research and Development, 
      Poland/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200805
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC7465230
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PET
OT  - SBM process with hot mold
OT  - blow kinetics
OT  - microcavity
OT  - power of ANOVA test
OT  - relaxation of PET amorphous phase
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/08/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/09 06:01
PMCR- 2020/08/05
CRDT- 2020/08/09 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/08/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym12081749 [pii]
AID - polymers-12-01749 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym12081749 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2020 Aug 5;12(8):1749. doi: 10.3390/polym12081749.