PMID- 32781290 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210303 LR - 20210303 IS - 1532-0456 (Print) IS - 1532-0456 (Linking) VI - 238 DP - 2020 Dec TI - Differential modulation of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, histomorphology, ion-regulation and growth marker gene expression in goldfish (Carassius auratus) following exposure to different dose of virgin microplastics. PG - 108862 LID - S1532-0456(20)30162-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108862 [doi] AB - Goldfish (Carassius auratus) juveniles were exposed to virgin polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) in triplicate at 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L for four days. Afterwards, the histopathology of the gills, liver and intestines were examined, along with various antioxidant enzymes and indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))), in the brain, liver and gills. In addition, we also studied the expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and growth hormone (GH) receptor, while cortisol receptor (CR) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression were assayed in both the liver and gills. Histological analysis revealed PVC-MPs in the intestines at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, along with substantially shorter villi. The gills appeared undamaged by PVC-MPs exposure and had limited or no effect to antioxidant activity, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and H(+)-ATPase activity or plasma ion levels, but there was a prominent upsurge of the detoxification enzymes glutatione S-transferase (GST) activity and CYP1A expression. Livers showed inflammation and some occurrences of hemorrhaging and necrosis at 0.5 mg/L. While the brain showed some evidence of oxidative damage, the liver was the most susceptible to oxidative damage, based on increased MDA, H(2)O(2) and various antioxidant enzymes. Hepatic expression of IGFBP-1 and GH receptor were significantly downregulated at 0.5 mg/L while CR was upregulated. Results indicate that exposure to environmentally relevant PVC-MP can cause oxidative damage in the brain and liver, adverse histomorphological changes to the intestine and liver and alter the gene expression in goldfish. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Romano, Nicholas AU - Romano N AD - Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601, AR, USA. Electronic address: romano.nicholas5@gmail.com. FAU - Renukdas, Nilima AU - Renukdas N AD - Fish Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Lonoke, 72086, AR, USA. FAU - Fischer, Hayden AU - Fischer H AD - Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601, AR, USA. FAU - Shrivastava, Jyotsna AU - Shrivastava J AD - Fish Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Lonoke, 72086, AR, USA. FAU - Baruah, Kartik AU - Baruah K AD - Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden. FAU - Egnew, Nathan AU - Egnew N AD - Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601, AR, USA. FAU - Sinha, Amit Kumar AU - Sinha AK AD - Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601, AR, USA. Electronic address: sinha_cife@rediffmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200808 PL - United States TA - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol JT - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP JID - 100959500 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1) RN - 0 (Microplastics) RN - 0 (Receptors, Somatotropin) RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) RN - EC 3.6.3.14 (Proton-Translocating ATPases) RN - EC 7.2.2.13 (Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/*metabolism MH - Brain/drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Gene Expression/drug effects MH - Gills/drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - Goldfish/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism MH - Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1/genetics/metabolism MH - Liver/drug effects/metabolism/pathology MH - Microplastics/*toxicity MH - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects MH - Proton-Translocating ATPases/genetics/metabolism MH - Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics/metabolism MH - Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics/metabolism MH - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antioxidant defense system OT - GH/IGF-1 axis OT - Hemorrhaging OT - Microplastics OT - Oxidative stress COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2020/08/12 06:00 MHDA- 2021/03/04 06:00 CRDT- 2020/08/12 06:00 PHST- 2020/06/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/07/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/08/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/08/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/03/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/08/12 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1532-0456(20)30162-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108862 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;238:108862. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108862. Epub 2020 Aug 8.