PMID- 32817629 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201015 LR - 20201015 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 8 DP - 2020 TI - Lipids, biomarkers, and subclinical atherosclerosis in treatment-naive HIV patients starting or not starting antiretroviral therapy: Comparison with a healthy control group in a 2-year prospective study. PG - e0237739 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0237739 [doi] LID - e0237739 AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of HIV infection and combined antiretroviral therapy (c-ART) on various proatherogenic biomarkers and lipids and to investigate their relationship with subclinical atherosclerosis in a cohort of treatment-naive HIV-infected patients. METHODS: We performed a prospective, comparative, multicenter study of 2 groups of treatment-naive HIV-infected patients (group A, CD4>500 cells/muL, not starting c-ART; and group B, CD4<500 cells/muL, starting c-ART at baseline) and a healthy control group. Laboratory analyses and carotid ultrasound were performed at baseline and at months 12 and 24. The parameters measured were low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle phenotype, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), sCD14, sCD163, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). A linear mixed model based on patient clusters was used to assess differences in biomarkers between the study groups and over time. RESULTS: The study population comprised 62 HIV-infected patients (group A, n = 31; group B, n = 31) and 22 controls. Age was 37 (30-43) years, and 81% were men. At baseline, the HIV-infected patients had a worse LDL particle phenotype and higher plasma concentration of sCD14, sCD163, hs-CRP, and LDL-Lp-PLA2 than the controls. At month 12, there was an increase in total cholesterol (p = 0.002), HDL-c (p = 0.003), and Apo A-I (p = 0.049) and a decrease in sCD14 (p = <0.001) and sCD163 (p<0.001), although only in group B. LDL particle size increased in group B at month 24 (p = 0.038). No changes were observed in group A or in the healthy controls. Common carotid intima-media thickness increased in HIV-infected patients at month 24 (Group A p = 0.053; group B p = 0.048). Plasma levels of sCD14, sCD163, and hs-CRP correlated with lipid values. CONCLUSIONS: In treatment-naive HIV-infected patients, initiation of c-ART was associated with an improvement in LDL particle phenotype and inflammatory/immune biomarkers, reaching values similar to those of the controls. HIV infection was associated with progression of carotid intima-media thickness. FAU - Di Yacovo, Silvana AU - Di Yacovo S AD - HIV and STD Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. FAU - Saumoy, Maria AU - Saumoy M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0047-1991 AD - HIV and STD Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. FAU - Sanchez-Quesada, Jose Luis AU - Sanchez-Quesada JL AD - Biomedical Research Institute IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Navarro, Antonio AU - Navarro A AD - HIV and STD Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. FAU - Sviridov, Dmitri AU - Sviridov D AD - Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Javaloyas, Manuel AU - Javaloyas M AD - Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Viladecans, Viladecans, Spain. FAU - Vila, Ramon AU - Vila R AD - Vascular Surgery Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. FAU - Vernet, Anton AU - Vernet A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7028-1368 AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. FAU - Low, Hann AU - Low H AD - Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. FAU - Penafiel, Judith AU - Penafiel J AD - Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. AD - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Garcia, Benito AU - Garcia B AD - HIV and STD Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. FAU - Ordonez-Llanos, Jordi AU - Ordonez-Llanos J AD - Biomedical Research Institute IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Podzamczer, Daniel AU - Podzamczer D AD - HIV and STD Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200820 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents) RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Lipids) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL) RN - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage/blood MH - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects MH - Atherosclerosis/*blood/drug therapy/virology MH - Biomarkers/*blood MH - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism MH - Carotid Intima-Media Thickness MH - Cholesterol/blood MH - Control Groups MH - Female MH - HIV Infections/*blood/drug therapy/virology MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/blood/drug therapy/virology MH - Lipids/*blood MH - Lipoproteins, LDL/blood MH - Male MH - Prospective Studies PMC - PMC7446923 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interst exist. EDAT- 2020/08/21 06:00 MHDA- 2020/10/21 06:00 PMCR- 2020/08/20 CRDT- 2020/08/21 06:00 PHST- 2020/05/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/07/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/08/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/08/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/08/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-20-12780 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0237739 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2020 Aug 20;15(8):e0237739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237739. eCollection 2020.