PMID- 32824394 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201023 LR - 20201023 IS - 1660-4601 (Electronic) IS - 1661-7827 (Print) IS - 1660-4601 (Linking) VI - 17 IP - 16 DP - 2020 Aug 16 TI - Effects of Virtual Reality versus Exercise on Pain, Functional, Somatosensory and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. LID - 10.3390/ijerph17165950 [doi] LID - 5950 AB - Background: Virtual reality (VR) applied to patients with neck pain is a promising intervention to produce positive effects when used alone or combined with exercise. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript is to compare the effects of VR versus exercise treatment on pain intensity, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), temporal summation (TS) and functional and somatosensory outcomes in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain (NS-CNP). Methods: A single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was carried out. A total sample of 44 patients with NS-CNP was randomized into a VR treatment group or neck exercises group. The intervention consisted of two treatment sessions per week, for four weeks and eight sessions. Four measurement moments (at baseline, immediately, 1 month, and 3 months after intervention) were considered. Pain intensity, CPM, TS, functional and somatosensory outcomes were measured. Results: Statistically significant differences were revealed for time factor (F = 16.40, p < 0.01, eta(p)(2) = 0.28) and group*time interaction for kinesiophobia (F = 3.89, p = 0.01, eta(p)(2) = 0.08) showing post-hoc differences in favor of the VR group at 3 months (p < 0.05, d = 0.65). Significant effects were shown for time factor (p < 0.05) but not for the group*time interaction (p > 0.05) for pain intensity, rotation range of motion (ROM), Neck Disability Index, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, left side pressure pain threshold (PPT) and anxiety. Statistically significant differences were not found for time factor (p > 0.05) and neither in group*time interaction (p > 0.05) for CPM, TS, right side PPT, flexo-extension and lateral-flexion ROM. Conclusions: Kinesiophobia was the only outcome that showed differences between VR and exercise at 3 months. Nevertheless, pain intensity, CPM, TS, ROM, neck disability, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, PPT and anxiety did not show differences between both interventions. FAU - Tejera, David Morales AU - Tejera DM AD - Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28032 Alcorcon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28008, Spain. FAU - Beltran-Alacreu, Hector AU - Beltran-Alacreu H AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1971-1510 AD - Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain. AD - CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Cano-de-la-Cuerda, Roberto AU - Cano-de-la-Cuerda R AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1118-4234 AD - Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine. Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Leon Hernandez, Jose Vicente AU - Leon Hernandez JV AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9387-9963 AD - Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain. AD - Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Martin-Pintado-Zugasti, Aitor AU - Martin-Pintado-Zugasti A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3945-8222 AD - Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28008, Spain. FAU - Calvo-Lobo, Cesar AU - Calvo-Lobo C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6569-1311 AD - Facultad de Enfermeria, Fisioterapia y Podologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Gil-Martinez, Alfonso AU - Gil-Martinez A AD - CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain. AD - Unit of Physiotherapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain. FAU - Fernandez-Carnero, Josue AU - Fernandez-Carnero J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1314-624X AD - CranioSpain Research Group, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain. AD - Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine. Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain. AD - Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Sciences of the Movement (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain. AD - Unit of Physiotherapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain. AD - Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigacion y Tratamiento del Dolor. Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander, 28922 Madrid, Spain. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20200816 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Environ Res Public Health JT - International journal of environmental research and public health JID - 101238455 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - *Chronic Pain MH - Exercise Therapy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Neck Pain/therapy MH - Pain Measurement MH - Range of Motion, Articular MH - Treatment Outcome MH - *Virtual Reality MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC7460130 OTO - NOTNLM OT - chronic pain OT - exercise OT - neck pain OT - virtual reality OT - virtual reality exposure therapy COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/08/23 06:00 MHDA- 2020/10/24 06:00 PMCR- 2020/08/01 CRDT- 2020/08/23 06:00 PHST- 2020/07/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/07/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/08/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijerph17165950 [pii] AID - ijerph-17-05950 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijerph17165950 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 16;17(16):5950. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165950.