PMID- 32825711
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201209
LR  - 20201214
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 17
DP  - 2020 Aug 21
TI  - Long-Lasting Decrease of the Acquisition of Enterococcus faecium and 
      Gram-Negative Bacteria Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) by 
      Transient Application of Probiotics.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph17176100 [doi]
LID - 6100
AB  - Previously it was shown that application of probiotics stopped the acquisition of 
      vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) by patients in an early 
      rehabilitation ward. Once the application of probiotics ended, we examined 
      whether acquisition of VRE reoccurred. Furthermore, we examined whether 
      probiotics altered prevalence of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSE) and 
      Gram-negative bacteria, which produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). 
      Although probiotic application ceased in April 2018, VRE-colonized patients 
      rarely presented on that ward until 2019. Probiotic treatment also resulted in a 
      decreased number of patients with VSE and ESBL. While decreased incidence of VRE 
      occurred immediately, decreased VSE and ESBL numbers occurred months later. A 
      probiotic-mediated decrease of VSE and ESBL incidence cannot be explained when 
      assuming bacterial transmission exclusively as a linear cause and effect event. 
      The decrease is better understood by considering bacterial transmissions to be 
      stochastic events, which depend on various driving forces similar to an electric 
      current. We hypothesize that VRE, VSE and ESBL uptake by patients and by staff 
      members mutually reinforced each other, leading staff members to form a bacterial 
      reservoir, similar to a condenser that stores electrical energy. Probiotic 
      treatment then inhibited regeneration of that store, resulting in a breakdown of 
      the driving force.
FAU - Borgmann, Stefan
AU  - Borgmann S
AD  - Hospital of Ingolstadt, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, 
      D-85049 Ingolstadt, Germany.
FAU - Riess, Beate
AU  - Riess B
AD  - Hospital of Ingolstadt, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, 
      D-85049 Ingolstadt, Germany.
FAU - Meintrup, David
AU  - Meintrup D
AD  - Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt, Faculty of Engineering and Management, D-85049 
      Ingolstadt, Germany.
FAU - Klare, Ingo
AU  - Klare I
AD  - National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch 
      Institute, Wernigerode Branch, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
FAU - Werner, Guido
AU  - Werner G
AD  - National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert Koch 
      Institute, Wernigerode Branch, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200821
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 6Q205EH1VU (Vancomycin)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents
MH  - *Enterococcus faecium/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH  - *Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH  - *Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/prevention & control
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Probiotics/pharmacology
MH  - Vancomycin
MH  - beta-Lactamases
PMC - PMC7503522
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Enterococcus faecium
OT  - Staphylococcus aureus
OT  - beta-lactamase
OT  - colonic bacteria
OT  - condenser
OT  - electric current
OT  - electrical current hypothesis of bacterial transmission
OT  - health care co-workers
OT  - probiotics
OT  - transistor
OT  - vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
OT  - vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2020/08/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/01
CRDT- 2020/08/23 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph17176100 [pii]
AID - ijerph-17-06100 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph17176100 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 21;17(17):6100. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph17176100.