PMID- 32827521
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210111
LR  - 20210111
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 191
DP  - 2020 Dec
TI  - Using miniaturised scanning mobility particle sizers to observe size distribution 
      patterns of quasi-ultrafine aerosols inhaled during city commuting.
PG  - 109978
LID - S0013-9351(20)30875-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109978 [doi]
AB  - Portable miniaturised scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) instruments 
      measuring atmospheric particles within the 10-241 nm size range were used to 
      track particle number size distributions and concentrations during 
      near-simultaneous pedestrian, bicycle, bus, car, tram and subway commuting 
      journeys in Barcelona, Spain on 4th-6th July 2018. The majority of particles in 
      this size range were <100 nm, with k-means cluster analysis identifying peaks at 
      15-22 nm, 30-40 nm, and 45-75 nm. Around 10-25% of the particles measured however 
      were >100 nm (especially in the subway environment) and so lie outside the 
      commonly defined range of "ultrafine" particles (UFP, or <100 nm particles). The 
      study demonstrated in detail how personal exposure to quasi-UFP (QUFP, <241 nm), 
      most of which present in the city streets are produced by road traffic, varies 
      greatly depending on the transport mode and route chosen. Proximity to fresh 
      traffic exhaust sources, such as in a car with open windows, on-road cycling, 
      walking downwind of busy roads, or in a subway station contaminated by roadside 
      air, enhances commuter exposure to particles <30 nm in size. In contrast, 
      travelling inside air-conditioned bus or tram offers greater protection to the 
      commuter from high concentrations of fresh exhaust. Ultrafine number size 
      distributions in traffic-contaminated city air typically peak in the size range 
      30-70 nm, but they can be shifted to finer sizes not only by increased content of 
      fresh proximal exhaust emissions but also by bursts of new particle formation 
      (NPF) events in the city. One such afternoon photochemical nucleation NPF event 
      was identified during our Barcelona study and recognised in different transport 
      modes, including underground in the subway system. The integration of static 
      urban background air monitoring station information with particle number 
      concentration and size distribution data obtained from portable miniaturised SMPS 
      instruments during commuting journeys opens new approaches to investigating city 
      air quality by offering a level of detail not previously available.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Moreno, Teresa
AU  - Moreno T
AD  - Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, 
      08034, Spain. Electronic address: teresa.moreno@idaea.csic.es.
FAU - Reche, Cristina
AU  - Reche C
AD  - Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, 
      08034, Spain.
FAU - Ahn, Kang-Ho
AU  - Ahn KH
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Eun, Hee-Ram
AU  - Eun HR
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Kim, Woo Young
AU  - Kim WY
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Kim, Hee-Sang
AU  - Kim HS
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of 
      Korea.
FAU - Fernandez-Iriarte, Amaia
AU  - Fernandez-Iriarte A
AD  - Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, 
      08034, Spain; Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Industrial and TIC 
      Engineering (EMIT-UPC), 08242, Manresa, Spain.
FAU - Amato, Fulvio
AU  - Amato F
AD  - Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, 
      08034, Spain.
FAU - Querol, Xavier
AU  - Querol X
AD  - Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, 
      08034, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200819
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 0 (Vehicle Emissions)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aerosols/analysis
MH  - *Air Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Cities
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Particulate Matter/analysis
MH  - Spain
MH  - Transportation
MH  - Vehicle Emissions/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Commuting air quality
OT  - Nanoparticles
OT  - New particle formation
OT  - Nucleation
OT  - Road traffic
OT  - SMPS
OT  - Ultrafine
EDAT- 2020/08/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/12 06:00
CRDT- 2020/08/23 06:00
PHST- 2020/06/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(20)30875-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109978 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2020 Dec;191:109978. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109978. Epub 2020 
      Aug 19.