PMID- 32829436
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210106
LR  - 20220923
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jan
TI  - Dermal exposure assessment to trinexapac-ethyl: a case study of workers in golf 
      course in Hawaii, USA.
PG  - 1072-1076
LID - 10.1007/s11356-020-10566-w [doi]
AB  - Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) was more widely used in golf course worldwide. As a plant 
      growth regulator, it inhibited grass development and delayed grass cutting date. 
      Direct contact with TE by workers that handle and apply these agents can lead to 
      harmful effects depending on the exposure dosage and duration. Many studies have 
      focused on the growth regulation of TE in plants, while its health risks to human 
      beings were rarely reported. Here, we investigated the risk assessment of workers 
      directly dermal exposed to TE by using some absorbent paper patches. The exposure 
      intensity (EI) and potential dermal exposure (PDE) of worker body sections were 
      obtained, and different exposure patterns were compared. The EI of each body 
      section among mixing/loading, hand-held power sprayer, and manual sprayer workers 
      was ranging from 7.22 to 73.0 pg cm(-2). The maximum EI of TE was found on hands 
      of manual sprayers, while the minimum EI of TE was recorded on upper arms of 
      mixing and loading workers. The maximum contribution sections was 29% for the 
      chest and back from mixing/loading workers, 40% for the chest and back from 
      hand-held power sprayers, and 32% for the thigh from manual sprayers. The unit 
      weight potential dermal exposure (UWPDE) of hand-held power sprayers was 60% 
      lower than that of manual sprayers, indicating that hand-held power sprayers were 
      safer than those of manual sprayers. These findings revealed that 
      trinexapac-ethyl posed relatively higher exposure risks to manual sprayer workers 
      than other operator workers in golf course, mainly responsible for body sections 
      of the chest and back and thigh.
FAU - Wang, Xu
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. wangxuguangzhou@126.com.
FAU - Murison, Jessica
AU  - Murison J
AD  - Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at 
      Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
FAU - Wang, Jun
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at 
      Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
FAU - Leong, Gladys
AU  - Leong G
AD  - Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at 
      Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
FAU - Wu, Zhichao
AU  - Wu Z
AD  - Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural 
      Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
FAU - Li, Qingxiao
AU  - Li Q
AD  - Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at 
      Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA. qingl@hawaii.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2019YFC1605602/National Key R&D Program of China/
GR  - 201909020001/Key technology platform construction and rural science and 
      technology commissioner project of Guangzhou agricultural high-tech industry 
      demonstration zone/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200823
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Cyclopropanes)
RN  - 0 (Quinones)
RN  - Q89W563T9J (trinexapac-ethyl)
SB  - IM
MH  - Agriculture
MH  - Cyclopropanes
MH  - *Golf
MH  - Hawaii
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Occupational Exposure
MH  - Quinones
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dermal
OT  - Exposure assessment
OT  - Golf course
OT  - Trinexapac-ethyl (TE)
OT  - Worker
EDAT- 2020/08/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/07 06:00
CRDT- 2020/08/24 06:00
PHST- 2020/05/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/24 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-020-10566-w [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-020-10566-w [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jan;28(1):1072-1076. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-020-10566-w. Epub 2020 Aug 23.