PMID- 32846506
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200901
LR  - 20200901
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 739
DP  - 2020 Oct 15
TI  - Unraveling concordant and varying responses of oyster species to Ostreid 
      Herpesvirus 1 variants.
PG  - 139752
LID - S0048-9697(20)33272-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139752 [doi]
AB  - The Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and variants, particularly the microvariants 
      (muVars), are virulent and economically devastating viruses impacting oysters. 
      Since 2008 OsHV-1 muVars have emerged rapidly having particularly damaging effects 
      on aquaculture industries in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. We conducted 
      field trials in Tomales Bay (TB), California where a non-muVar strain of OsHV-1 is 
      established and demonstrated differential mortality of naturally exposed seed of 
      three stocks of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and one stock of Kumamoto 
      oyster, C. sikamea. Oysters exposed in the field experienced differential 
      mortality that ranged from 64 to 99% in Pacific oysters 
      (Tasmania>Midori = Willapa stocks), which was much higher than that of Kumamoto 
      oysters (25%). Injection trials were done using French (FRA) and Australian (AUS) 
      muVars with the same oyster stocks as planted in the field and, in addition, two 
      stocks of the Eastern oyster, C. virginica. No mortality was observed in control 
      oysters. One C. virginica stock suffered ~10% mortality when challenged with both 
      muVars tested. Two Pacific oyster stocks suffered 75 to 90% mortality, while one 
      C. gigas stock had relatively low mortality when challenged with the AUS muVar 
      (~22%) and higher mortality when challenged with the French muVar (~72%). 
      Conversely, C. sikamea suffered lower mortality when challenged with the French 
      muVar (~22%) and higher mortality with the AUS muVar (~44%). All dead oysters had 
      higher viral loads (~1000x) as measured by quantitative PCR relative to those 
      that survived. However, some survivors had high levels of virus, including those 
      from species with lower mortality. Field mortality in TB correlated with 
      laboratory mortality of the FRA muVar (69% correlation) but not with that of the 
      AUS muVar, which also lacked correlation with the FRA muVar. The variation in 
      response to OsHV-1 variant challenges by oyster species and stocks demonstrates 
      the need for empirical assessment of multiple OsHV-1 variants.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Friedman, Carolyn S
AU  - Friedman CS
AD  - School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, 
      Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
FAU - Reece, Kimberly S
AU  - Reece KS
AD  - Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester 
      Point, Virginia 23062, USA.
FAU - Wippel, Bryanda J T
AU  - Wippel BJT
AD  - School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, 
      Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
FAU - Agnew, M Victoria
AU  - Agnew MV
AD  - Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland 
      Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
FAU - Degremont, Lionel
AU  - Degremont L
AD  - Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Station La Tremblade, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Dhar, Arun K
AU  - Dhar AK
AD  - Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The 
      University of Arizona, 1117 E Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
FAU - Kirkland, Peter
AU  - Kirkland P
AD  - Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, 
      Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
FAU - MacIntyre, Alanna
AU  - MacIntyre A
AD  - Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester 
      Point, Virginia 23062, USA.
FAU - Morga, Benjamin
AU  - Morga B
AD  - Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Station La Tremblade, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
FAU - Robison, Clara
AU  - Robison C
AD  - Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester 
      Point, Virginia 23062, USA.
FAU - Burge, Colleen A
AU  - Burge CA
AD  - Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland 
      Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA. Electronic 
      address: colleenb@umbc.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200529
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - Ostreid herpesvirus 1
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Australia
MH  - *Crassostrea
MH  - DNA Viruses
MH  - Europe
MH  - *Herpesviridae
MH  - New Zealand
MH  - Tasmania
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Crassostrea gigas
OT  - Crassostrea sikamea
OT  - Crassostrea virginica
OT  - Mortality
OT  - OsHV-1
OT  - Viral load
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/08/28 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/02 06:00
CRDT- 2020/08/28 06:00
PHST- 2020/02/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/08/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(20)33272-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139752 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 Oct 15;739:139752. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139752. 
      Epub 2020 May 29.