PMID- 32861163
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210111
LR  - 20231110
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Print)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 144
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - Combined exposure to formaldehyde and PM(2.5): Hematopoietic toxicity and 
      molecular mechanism in mice.
PG  - 106050
LID - S0160-4120(20)32005-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106050 [doi]
AB  - PM(2.5) and formaldehyde (FA) are major outdoor and indoor air pollutants in 
      China, respectively, and both are known to be harmful to human health and to be 
      carcinogenic. Of all the known chronic health effects, leukaemia is one of the 
      most serious health risks associated with these two pollutants. To explore the 
      influence and underlying mechanisms of exposure to formaldehyde and PM(2.5) on 
      hematopoietic toxicity, we systematically studied the toxicity induced in 
      hematopoietic organs: bone marrow (BM); spleen; and myeloid progenitor cells 
      (MPCs). Male Balb/c mice were exposed to: PM(2.5) (20, 160 mug/kg.d) at a dose of 
      40 muL per mouse or formaldehyde (0.5, 3.0 mg/m(3)) for 8 h per day for 2 weeks or 
      co-exposed to formaldehyde and PM(2.5) (20 mug/kg.d PM(2.5) + 0.5 mg/m(3) FA, 
      20 mug/kg.d PM(2.5) + 3 mg/m(3) FA, 160 mug/kg.d PM(2.5) + 0.5 mg/m(3) FA, 
      160 mug/kg.d PM(2.5) + 3 mg/m(3) FA) for 2 weeks. Similar toxic effects were found 
      in the formaldehyde-only and PM(2.5)-only groups, including significant decrease 
      of blood cells and MPCs, along with decreased expression of hematopoietic growth 
      factors. In addition, individual exposure of formaldehyde or PM(2.5) increased 
      oxidative stress, DNA damage and immune system disorder by destroying the balance 
      of Th1/Th2, and Treg/Th17. DNA repair was markedly inhibited by deregulating the 
      mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Combined exposure to PM(2.5) and 
      formaldehyde led to more severe effects. Administration of Vitamin E (VE) was 
      shown to attenuate these effects. In conclusion, our findings suggested that 
      PM(2.5) and formaldehyde may induce hematopoietic toxicity by reducing the 
      expression of hematopoietic growth factors, increasing oxidative stress and DNA 
      damage, activating the 'immune imbalance' pathway and suppressing the DNA-repair 
      related mTOR pathway. The hematopoietic toxicity induced by combined exposure of 
      PM(2.5) and formaldehyde might provide further insights into the increased 
      incidence of hematological diseases, including human myeloid leukaemia.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ge, Jing
AU  - Ge J
AD  - Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of 
      Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; College of 
      Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 
      430074, China.
FAU - Yang, Honglian
AU  - Yang H
AD  - Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, 
      China.
FAU - Lu, Xianxian
AU  - Lu X
AD  - Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of 
      Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
FAU - Wang, Shenqi
AU  - Wang S
AD  - College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and 
      Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
FAU - Zhao, Yun
AU  - Zhao Y
AD  - Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of 
      Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
FAU - Huang, Jiawei
AU  - Huang J
AD  - Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of 
      Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
FAU - Xi, Zhuge
AU  - Xi Z
AD  - Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Luoping
AU  - Zhang L
AD  - Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of 
      California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
FAU - Li, Rui
AU  - Li R
AD  - Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of 
      Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic 
      address: ruili@mail.ccnu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
GR  - P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES017452/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200826
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 1HG84L3525 (Formaldehyde)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollutants/toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - China
MH  - *Formaldehyde/toxicity
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Particulate Matter/toxicity
PMC - PMC7839661
MID - NIHMS1657795
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Combined exposure
OT  - Formaldehyde
OT  - Hematopoietic toxicity
OT  - Molecular mechanism
OT  - PM(2.5)
EDAT- 2020/08/30 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/12 06:00
PMCR- 2021/01/27
CRDT- 2020/08/30 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/08/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/01/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0160-4120(20)32005-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106050 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2020 Nov;144:106050. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106050. Epub 2020 
      Aug 26.