PMID- 32865657 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220207 LR - 20220207 IS - 1559-1174 (Electronic) IS - 1535-1084 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 2 DP - 2021 Jun TI - Galectin-9 Promotes Neuronal Restoration via Binding TLR-4 in a Rat Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model. PG - 267-284 LID - 10.1007/s12017-020-08611-5 [doi] AB - Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Galactose lectin-9 (Gal-9) belongs to the family of beta-galactoside-binding lectins, which has been shown to play a vital role in immune tolerance and inflammation. However, the function of Gal-9 in ICH has not been fully studied in details. Several experiments were carried out to explore the role of Gal-9 in the late period of ICH. Primarily, ICH models were established in male adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Next, the relative protein levels of Gal-9 at different time points after ICH were examined and the result showed that the level of Gal-9 increased and peaked at the 7th day after ICH. Then we found that when the content of Gal-9 increased, both the number of M2-type microglia and the corresponding anti-inflammatory factors also increased. Through co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) analysis, it was found that Gal-9 combines with Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) during the period of the recovery after ICH. TUNEL staining and Fluoro-Jade B staining (FJB) proved that the amount of cell death decreased with the increase of Gal-9 content. Additionally, several behavioral experiments also demonstrated that when the level of Gal-9 increased, the motor, sensory, learning, and memory abilities of the rats recovered better compared to the ICH group. In short, this study illustrated that Gal-9 takes a crucial role after ICH. Enhancing Gal-9 could alleviate brain injury and promote the recovery of ICH-induced injury, so that Gal-9 may exploit a new pathway for clinical treatment of ICH. FAU - Liang, Tianyu AU - Liang T AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Ma, Cheng AU - Ma C AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Wang, Tianyi AU - Wang T AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Deng, Ruming AU - Deng R AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Ding, Jiasheng AU - Ding J AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Wang, Wenjie AU - Wang W AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Xu, Zhongmou AU - Xu Z AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Li, Xiang AU - Li X AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Li, Haiying AU - Li H AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Sun, Qing AU - Sun Q AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2423-7809 AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. qsun@suda.edu.cn. FAU - Shen, Haitao AU - Shen H AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. dagezi120@126.com. FAU - Wang, Zhong AU - Wang Z AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. FAU - Chen, Gang AU - Chen G AD - Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200831 PL - United States TA - Neuromolecular Med JT - Neuromolecular medicine JID - 101135365 RN - 0 (Lgals9 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins) RN - 0 (Organic Anion Transporters) RN - 0 (RNA, Small Interfering) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Tlr4 protein, rat) RN - 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Apoptosis MH - Astrocytes/metabolism MH - Basal Ganglia/physiopathology MH - Cerebral Hemorrhage/*physiopathology MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Male MH - Microglia/metabolism MH - Morris Water Maze Test MH - Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology MH - Neurons/*metabolism/pathology MH - Organic Anion Transporters/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Interaction Mapping MH - Psychomotor Performance MH - RNA Interference MH - RNA, Small Interfering/genetics MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Recombinant Proteins/metabolism MH - Recovery of Function MH - Rotarod Performance Test MH - Signal Transduction MH - Single-Blind Method MH - Time Factors MH - Toll-Like Receptor 4/*physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Gal-9 OT - ICH OT - Microglia OT - Neuroinflammation OT - Neuronal restoration OT - TLR-4 EDAT- 2020/09/01 06:00 MHDA- 2022/02/08 06:00 CRDT- 2020/09/01 06:00 PHST- 2020/06/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/08/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/09/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/02/08 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/09/01 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s12017-020-08611-5 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s12017-020-08611-5 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neuromolecular Med. 2021 Jun;23(2):267-284. doi: 10.1007/s12017-020-08611-5. Epub 2020 Aug 31.