PMID- 32866862
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201125
LR  - 20201125
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 267
DP  - 2020 Dec
TI  - Stranded cetaceans warn of high perfluoroalkyl substance pollution in the western 
      Mediterranean Sea.
PG  - 115367
LID - S0269-7491(20)36055-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115367 [doi]
AB  - Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of organohalogenated compounds of 
      environmental concern due to similar characteristics as the well-studied legacy 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that typically show environmental 
      persistence, biomagnification and toxicity. Nevertheless, PFAS are still poorly 
      regulated internationally and in many aspects poorly understood. Here, we studied 
      liver and muscle concentrations in five cetacean species stranded at the 
      southeastern coast of Spain during 2009-2018. Twelve of the fifteen targeted 
      compounds were detected in >50% of the liver samples. Hepatic concentrations were 
      significantly higher than those in muscle reflecting the particular 
      toxicokinetics of these compounds. Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus showed 
      the highest hepatic SigmaPFAS (n = 5; 796.8 +/- 709.0 ng g(-1) ww) concentrations, 
      followed by striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (n = 29; 259.5 +/- 136.2 ng g(-1) 
      ww), sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus (n = 1; 252.8 ng g(-1) ww), short-beaked 
      common dolphin Delphinus delphis (n = 2; 240.3 +/- 218.6 ng g(-1) ww) and Risso's 
      dolphin Grampus griseus (n = 1; 78.7 ng g(-1) ww). These interspecies differences 
      could be partially explained by habitat preferences, although they could 
      generally not be related to trophic position or food chain proxied by stable N 
      (delta(15)N) and C (delta(13)C) isotope values, respectively. PFAS profiles in all 
      species showed a similar pattern of concentration prevalence in the order 
      PFOS>PFOSA>PFNA approximately PFFUnA>PFDA. The higher number of samples available for striped 
      dolphin allowed for evaluating their PFAS burden and profile in relation to the 
      stranding year, stable isotope values, and biological variables including sex and 
      length. However, we could only find links between delta(15)N and PFAS burdens in 
      muscle tissue, and between stranding year and PFAS profile composition. Despite 
      reductions in the manufacturing industry, these compounds still appear in high 
      concentrations compared to more than two decades ago in the Mediterranean Sea and 
      PFOS remains the dominating compound.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lopez-Berenguer, G
AU  - Lopez-Berenguer G
AD  - Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain.
FAU - Bossi, R
AU  - Bossi R
AD  - Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark.
FAU - Eulaers, I
AU  - Eulaers I
AD  - Section of Marine Mammals, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark.
FAU - Dietz, R
AU  - Dietz R
AD  - Section of Marine Mammals, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark.
FAU - Penalver, J
AU  - Penalver J
AD  - Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Fishing and 
      Aquaculture Service (CARM), Murcia, Spain.
FAU - Schulz, R
AU  - Schulz R
AD  - IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 
      Landau, Germany.
FAU - Zubrod, J
AU  - Zubrod J
AD  - IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, 
      Landau, Germany.
FAU - Sonne, C
AU  - Sonne C
AD  - Section of Marine Mammals, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark.
FAU - Martinez-Lopez, E
AU  - Martinez-Lopez E
AD  - Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical 
      Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain. Electronic address: 
      emmaml@um.es.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200820
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cetacea
MH  - *Fluorocarbons
MH  - Mediterranean Sea
MH  - Spain
MH  - *Stenella
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dolphin
OT  - Marine mammal
OT  - PFAS
OT  - POP
OT  - Perfluorinated surfactants
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/09/01 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/26 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/01 06:00
PHST- 2020/05/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(20)36055-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115367 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2020 Dec;267:115367. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115367. Epub 2020 
      Aug 20.