PMID- 32887244
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201023
IS  - 2077-0375 (Print)
IS  - 2077-0375 (Electronic)
IS  - 2077-0375 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 9
DP  - 2020 Sep 2
TI  - Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Using a Plant-Derived Surfactant for Dye 
      Separation in Wastewater Treatment.
LID - 10.3390/membranes10090220 [doi]
LID - 220
AB  - Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is one of several membrane methods used 
      for the removal of trace organic pollutants from aqueous streams. In this 
      process, a surfactant is added to a polluted aqueous solution at a concentration 
      higher than its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Unlike synthetic 
      surfactants, natural surfactants, from plants such as the saponin, while 
      ecologically adaptable as surfactants in MEUF systems, are also biodegradable, 
      renewable, and environmentally safe. This study applied Sapindus rarak extract as 
      the natural surfactant in MEUF for Remazol dye separation. It was found that the 
      presence of Sapindus rarak extract increased separation of Remazol red and blue 
      dyes by up to 97.02% and 99.42%, respectively. However, the addition of 
      surfactant decreased permeate fluxes due to membrane fouling and concentration 
      polarization. In addition, loading micelle (Lm), representing the performance of 
      the surfactant micelle for dye separation, as well as the blocking mechanism, was 
      investigated. Lm was found to be in the range of 0.002-0.068 mM dyes/mM saponin. 
      Ultrafiltration blocking mechanisms, as confirmed by the Hermia model, were: 
      standard blocking, for cases without the addition of surfactant; cake formation, 
      for cases with surfactant below the CMC; and complete blocking, for cases with 
      surfactant above the CMC.
FAU - Aryanti, Nita
AU  - Aryanti N
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, 
      Indonesia.
AD  - Membrane Research Centre (MeR-C), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, 
      Indonesia.
FAU - Nafiunisa, Aininu
AU  - Nafiunisa A
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, 
      Indonesia.
FAU - Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko
AU  - Kusworo TD
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, 
      Indonesia.
AD  - Membrane Research Centre (MeR-C), Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, 
      Indonesia.
FAU - Wardhani, Dyah Hesti
AU  - Wardhani DH
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, 
      Indonesia.
LA  - eng
GR  - Contract No. 257-32/UN7.P4.3/PP/2019/Ministry of Research,Technology and Higher 
      Education, Republic of Indonesia/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200902
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Membranes (Basel)
JT  - Membranes
JID - 101577807
PMC - PMC7557959
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - blocking mechanism
OT  - dye solubilization
OT  - membrane filtration
OT  - saponin
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. In addition, the funders had no role 
      in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of 
      data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the 
      results.
EDAT- 2020/09/06 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/06 06:01
PMCR- 2020/09/01
CRDT- 2020/09/05 01:03
PHST- 2020/07/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/05 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - membranes10090220 [pii]
AID - membranes-10-00220 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/membranes10090220 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Membranes (Basel). 2020 Sep 2;10(9):220. doi: 10.3390/membranes10090220.