PMID- 32888774
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220217
LR  - 20220217
IS  - 1096-0023 (Electronic)
IS  - 1043-4666 (Linking)
VI  - 147
DP  - 2021 Nov
TI  - Cytokines in the generation and function of regulatory T cell subsets in 
      leishmaniasis.
PG  - 155266
LID - S1043-4666(20)30282-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155266 [doi]
AB  - CD4(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a group of T lymphocytes that maintain 
      self-tolerance and protect the host from inflammation-induced tissue damage. An 
      interacting network of cytokines and transcription factors influence the origin, 
      differentiation, and function of the Tregs in primary and secondary lymphoid 
      organs. However, following antigenic stimulation, it can also be induced at the 
      sites of infection. Immune cell resident microbial pathogens, such as Leishmania, 
      employ varieties of mechanisms to promote the suppressive functions of Tregs for 
      protective evasion from the host immune system. This establishes a state of 
      immune unresponsiveness in the host, exacerbating the disease in Leishmania 
      infection. Elimination of Leishmania pathogens is accomplished with a strong 
      pro-inflammatory response accompanied by the release of host protective cytokines 
      such as Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and Tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which functions through suppression of Tregs or making the 
      effector cells recalcitrant to Treg mediated suppression. Nevertheless, during 
      chronic infection, the persistence of unwarranted pro-inflammatory cytokines can 
      trigger self-tissue damage. Tregs limit the consequence of chronic inflammation 
      to restrict self-harm suggesting its mutually opposing role in host protection. 
      Furthermore, Tregs function to prevent complete parasite clearance to provide 
      long-term immunity to re-infection. This review summarizes the roles of 
      pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines involved in the homing, 
      activation, differentiation, and suppression of Tregs in the course of Leishmania 
      infection. We also suggest cytokines that can be modulated as potential 
      therapeutic targets to treat Leishmania infection.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ghosh, Sanhita
AU  - Ghosh S
AD  - Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of 
      Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, 24 Parganas (North), West Bengal, 
      India.
FAU - Roy, Kamalika
AU  - Roy K
AD  - Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of 
      Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, 24 Parganas (North), West Bengal, 
      India.
FAU - Rajalingam, Radhakrishnan
AU  - Rajalingam R
AD  - Immune Cell Engineering and Therapy Lab, Center for Stem Cell Research, Christian 
      Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Martin, Sunil
AU  - Martin S
AD  - Immune Cell Engineering and Therapy Lab, Center for Stem Cell Research, Christian 
      Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: 
      sunil.martin@cmcvellore.ac.in.
FAU - Pal, Chiranjib
AU  - Pal C
AD  - Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of 
      Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, 24 Parganas (North), West Bengal, 
      India. Electronic address: chiranjibpal.zoology@wbsu.ac.in.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200902
PL  - England
TA  - Cytokine
JT  - Cytokine
JID - 9005353
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leishmania/*immunology
MH  - Leishmaniasis/*immunology
MH  - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cytokines
OT  - FoxP3
OT  - Leishmaniasis
OT  - Tr1
OT  - iTregs
OT  - nTregs
EDAT- 2020/09/06 06:00
MHDA- 2022/02/19 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/05 12:18
PHST- 2020/05/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/02/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/05 12:18 [entrez]
AID - S1043-4666(20)30282-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155266 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cytokine. 2021 Nov;147:155266. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155266. Epub 2020 Sep 2.