PMID- 32892938
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210514
LR  - 20210514
IS  - 1873-4324 (Electronic)
IS  - 0003-2670 (Linking)
VI  - 1130
DP  - 2020 Sep 15
TI  - Development and validation of a fast gas chromatography mass spectrometry method 
      for the quantification of selected non-intentionally added substances and 
      polystyrene/polyurethane oligomers in liquid food simulants.
PG  - 49-59
LID - S0003-2670(20)30750-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.018 [doi]
AB  - A simple, fast, sensitive and reliable method was developed for the simultaneous 
      determination of 13 food contact materials (FCM) regulated substances and 
      non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) migrating into official food simulants. 
      The method has been optimized to quantify the monomers styrene and alpha-methyl 
      styrene, selected polystyrene oligomers (dimers, trimers) and polyester 
      urethane-based oligomers (PU) cyclic oligomers, as well as cyclic NIAS 
      originating from food packaging such as 2,6-Di-tert-butylbenzoquinone and 
      7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione. The method employs 
      liquid-liquid extraction of aqueous ethanol food simulants with dichloromethane, 
      and analysis with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a 
      total analysis time of less than 16 min, with limits of detections ranging from 
      0.32 ng mL(-1) (1,1-diphenyl-ethylene) to 14.8 ng mL(-1) for 
      7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione and respective limits 
      of quantification from 1.0 ng mL(-1) to 41.7 ng mL(-1), for the same analytes. 
      Accuracy and precision results showed that the method is sufficiently accurate 
      for all target analytes, with recoveries ranging between 80 and 110% and relative 
      standard deviations (RSDs) smaller than 16% at the three selected concentration 
      levels. The method has been successfully applied to seven FCM. Results indicated 
      that significant amounts of polystyrene monomers, dimers and trimers are 
      migrating into food simulants; this is also the case for polyester urethane-based 
      oligomers (PU). Exposure assessment estimation was performed using EFSA's 
      approach on the total sum of migrating oligomers. In certain cases, amounts of PS 
      and PU oligomers found to be in some cases higher than the respective limits, for 
      the sum of oligomers with a MW lower than 1000 Da.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Tsochatzis, Emmanouil D
AU  - Tsochatzis ED
AD  - Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200, Aarhus N, 
      Denmark; FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, AUTh Node, Center for 
      Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th 
      Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece. 
      Electronic address: emmanouil.tsochatzis@food.au.dk.
FAU - Gika, Helen
AU  - Gika H
AD  - FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary 
      Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th Km 
      Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic 
      AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan 
      Center B1.4, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, 
      Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of 
      Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Theodoridis, Georgios
AU  - Theodoridis G
AD  - FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary 
      Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th Km 
      Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic 
      AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan 
      Center B1.4, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, 
      Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of 
      Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200726
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Anal Chim Acta
JT  - Analytica chimica acta
JID - 0370534
RN  - 0 (Polystyrenes)
RN  - 0 (Polyurethanes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Food Packaging
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - *Polystyrenes
MH  - *Polyurethanes
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Food contact materials
OT  - GC-MS
OT  - Migration in food simulants
OT  - Non-intentionally added substances (NIAS)
OT  - Oligomers of polystyrene (PS) and polyester urethane-based oligomers (PU)
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/09/08 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/15 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/07 05:29
PHST- 2020/04/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/07/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/07 05:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0003-2670(20)30750-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.018 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Chim Acta. 2020 Sep 15;1130:49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.018. Epub 2020 
      Jul 26.