PMID- 32897104
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210112
LR  - 20240229
IS  - 1552-9924 (Electronic)
IS  - 0091-6765 (Print)
IS  - 0091-6765 (Linking)
VI  - 128
IP  - 9
DP  - 2020 Sep
TI  - Associations of a Metal Mixture Measured in Multiple Biomarkers with IQ: Evidence 
      from Italian Adolescents Living near Ferroalloy Industry.
PG  - 97002
LID - 10.1289/EHP6803 [doi]
LID - 097002
AB  - BACKGROUND: Research on the health effects of chemical mixtures has focused 
      mainly on early life rather than adolescence, a potentially important 
      developmental life stage. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations of a metal mixture 
      with general cognition in a cross-sectional study of adolescents residing near 
      ferromanganese industry, a source of airborne metals emissions. METHODS: We 
      measured manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) in hair, 
      blood, urine, nails, and saliva from 635 Italian adolescents 10-14 years of age. 
      Full-scale, verbal, and performance intelligence quotient (FSIQ, VIQ, PIQ) scores 
      were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. 
      Multivariable linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) 
      were used to estimate associations of the metal mixture with IQ. In secondary 
      analyses, we used BKMR's hierarchical variable selection option to inform 
      biomarker selection for Mn, Cu, and Cr. RESULTS: Median metal concentrations were 
      as follows: hair Mn, 0.08 mug/g; hair Cu, 9.6 mug/g; hair Cr, 0.05 mug/g; and blood 
      Pb, 1.3 mug/dL. Adjusted models revealed an inverted U-shaped association between 
      hair Cu and VIQ, consistent with Cu as an essential nutrient that is neurotoxic 
      in excess. At low levels of hair Cu (10th percentile, 5.4 mug/g), higher 
      concentrations (90th percentiles) of the mixture of Mn, Pb, and Cr (0.3 mug/g, 2.6 
      mug/dL, and 0.1 mug/g, respectively) were associated with a 2.9 (95% CI: - 5.2, 
      - 0.5)-point decrease in VIQ score, compared with median concentrations of the 
      mixture. There was suggestive evidence of interaction between Mn and Cu. In 
      secondary analyses, saliva Mn, hair Cu, and saliva Cr were selected as the 
      biomarkers most strongly associated with VIQ score. DISCUSSION: Higher adolescent 
      levels of Mn, Pb, and Cr were associated with lower IQ scores, especially at low 
      Cu levels. Findings also support further investigation into Cu as both beneficial 
      and toxic for neurobehavioral outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6803.
FAU - Bauer, Julia A
AU  - Bauer JA
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 
      Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - Devick, Katrina L
AU  - Devick KL
AD  - Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 
      Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
FAU - Bobb, Jennifer F
AU  - Bobb JF
AD  - Biostatistics Unit, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 
      Seattle, Washington, USA.
FAU - Coull, Brent A
AU  - Coull BA
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - Bellinger, David
AU  - Bellinger D
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 
      Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
AD  - Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, USA.
AD  - Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - Benedetti, Chiara
AU  - Benedetti C
AD  - Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public 
      Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
FAU - Cagna, Giuseppa
AU  - Cagna G
AD  - Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public 
      Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
FAU - Fedrighi, Chiara
AU  - Fedrighi C
AD  - Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public 
      Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
FAU - Guazzetti, Stefano
AU  - Guazzetti S
AD  - Azienda Unita Sanitaria Locale Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
FAU - Oppini, Manuela
AU  - Oppini M
AD  - Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public 
      Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
FAU - Placidi, Donatella
AU  - Placidi D
AD  - Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public 
      Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
FAU - Webster, Thomas F
AU  - Webster TF
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 
      Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - White, Roberta F
AU  - White RF
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 
      Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 
      USA.
FAU - Yang, Qiong
AU  - Yang Q
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - Zoni, Silvia
AU  - Zoni S
AD  - Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public 
      Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
FAU - Wright, Robert O
AU  - Wright RO
AD  - Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine 
      at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
FAU - Smith, Donald R
AU  - Smith DR
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of 
      California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
FAU - Lucchini, Roberto G
AU  - Lucchini RG
AD  - Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public 
      Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
AD  - Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine 
      at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
FAU - Claus Henn, Birgit
AU  - Claus Henn B
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 
      Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - T32 ES007142/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES019222/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES013744/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R00 ES022986/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 ES023515/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - F31 ES029010/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U54 HD090255/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 ES000002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES028800/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 ES014562/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20200908
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Health Perspect
JT  - Environmental health perspectives
JID - 0330411
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 0 (ferro-manganese alloy)
RN  - 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium)
RN  - 42Z2K6ZL8P (Manganese)
RN  - 789U1901C5 (Copper)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Chromium
MH  - Copper
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Female
MH  - Hair/chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Intelligence
MH  - Iron
MH  - Italy
MH  - Male
MH  - Manganese
MH  - Metals/*metabolism
MH  - Nails/chemistry
MH  - Wechsler Scales
PMC - PMC7478128
EDAT- 2020/09/09 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/13 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/08
CRDT- 2020/09/08 12:12
PHST- 2020/09/08 12:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - EHP6803 [pii]
AID - 10.1289/EHP6803 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Health Perspect. 2020 Sep;128(9):97002. doi: 10.1289/EHP6803. Epub 2020 
      Sep 8.