PMID- 32902599 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210127 LR - 20210910 IS - 1095-8290 (Electronic) IS - 0305-7364 (Print) IS - 0305-7364 (Linking) VI - 127 IP - 1 DP - 2021 Jan 1 TI - Fundamentally different repetitive element composition of sex chromosomes in Rumex acetosa. PG - 33-47 LID - 10.1093/aob/mcaa160 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dioecious species with well-established sex chromosomes are rare in the plant kingdom. Most sex chromosomes increase in size but no comprehensive analysis of the kind of sequences that drive this expansion has been presented. Here we analyse sex chromosome structure in common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), a dioecious plant with XY1Y2 sex determination, and we provide the first chromosome-specific repeatome analysis for a plant species possessing sex chromosomes. METHODS: We flow-sorted and separately sequenced sex chromosomes and autosomes in R. acetosa using the two-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization in suspension (FISHIS) method and Illumina sequencing. We identified and quantified individual repeats using RepeatExplorer, Tandem Repeat Finder and the Tandem Repeats Analysis Program. We employed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyse the chromosomal localization of satellites and transposons. KEY RESULTS: We identified a number of novel satellites, which have, in a fashion similar to previously known satellites, significantly expanded on the Y chromosome but not as much on the X or on autosomes. Additionally, the size increase of Y chromosomes is caused by non-long terminal repeat (LTR) and LTR retrotransposons, while only the latter contribute to the enlargement of the X chromosome. However, the X chromosome is populated by different LTR retrotransposon lineages than those on Y chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS: The X and Y chromosomes have significantly diverged in terms of repeat composition. The lack of recombination probably contributed to the expansion of diverse satellites and microsatellites and faster fixation of newly inserted transposable elements (TEs) on the Y chromosomes. In addition, the X and Y chromosomes, despite similar total counts of TEs, differ significantly in the representation of individual TE lineages, which indicates that transposons proliferate preferentially in either the paternal or the maternal lineage. CI - (c) The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. FAU - Jesionek, Wojciech AU - Jesionek W AD - Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic. AD - Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Bodlakova, Marketa AU - Bodlakova M AD - Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Kubat, Zdenek AU - Kubat Z AD - Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Cegan, Radim AU - Cegan R AD - Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Vyskot, Boris AU - Vyskot B AD - Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Vrana, Jan AU - Vrana J AD - Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic. FAU - Safar, Jan AU - Safar J AD - Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic. FAU - Puterova, Janka AU - Puterova J AD - Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic. AD - Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Centre of Excellence IT4Innovations, Bozetechova, Brno, Czech Republic. FAU - Hobza, Roman AU - Hobza R AD - Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska, Brno, Czech Republic. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - England TA - Ann Bot JT - Annals of botany JID - 0372347 RN - 0 (Retroelements) SB - IM MH - Chromosomes, Plant MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MH - Retroelements MH - *Rumex/genetics MH - Sex Chromosomes PMC - PMC7750719 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Rumex acetosa OT - genome dynamics OT - satellites OT - sex chromosomes OT - transposable elements EDAT- 2020/09/10 06:00 MHDA- 2021/01/28 06:00 PMCR- 2021/09/09 CRDT- 2020/09/09 12:28 PHST- 2020/08/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/08/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/09/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/01/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/09/09 12:28 [entrez] PHST- 2021/09/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 5903355 [pii] AID - mcaa160 [pii] AID - 10.1093/aob/mcaa160 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Bot. 2021 Jan 1;127(1):33-47. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa160.