PMID- 32911092
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210512
LR  - 20210512
IS  - 1879-2219 (Electronic)
IS  - 0966-6362 (Linking)
VI  - 82
DP  - 2020 Oct
TI  - An external focus of attention compared to an internal focus of attention 
      improves anticipatory postural adjustments among people post-stroke.
PG  - 100-105
LID - S0966-6362(20)30532-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.133 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: People after stroke often have postural impairments that can increase 
      their risk of falling. Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are changes in 
      the activity of postural muscles prior to a voluntary movement in order to 
      maintain vertical equilibrium. Previous research suggests that improving APAs 
      leads to better postural control and reduces the risk of falls. Despite the 
      importance of APAs and their impairment among people post-stroke, studies that 
      aim to investigate methods for improving APAs are limited. Consistent evidence 
      supports that an external focus of attention compared to an internal focus of 
      attention, yields superior performance of motor skills that include postural 
      control. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the effects of adopting different foci of 
      attention on measures of APAs and movement parameters when performing a lower 
      extremity Fitts' task among people post-stroke? METHODS: Twelve individuals 
      post-stroke performed a lower extremity stepping movement (Fitts' task) while 
      adopting an external focus or an internal focus of attention in a within-subject 
      design. A motion capture system was used to record participants' movement data. 
      Custom software derived movement time (MT), peak velocity (PV), time to peak 
      velocity (ttPV) and variability at endpoint (SD(T)). Electromyography was used to 
      measure muscle activity and determine APAs onset and magnitude. For all dependent 
      variables separate repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to compare performance 
      between foci of attention. RESULTS: The results showed that an external focus of 
      attention yielded significantly better performance on all outcome measures. The 
      improvement in performance was seen in shorter MT, higher PV, shorter ttPV, 
      smaller SD(T), earlier APAs onset and more efficient APAs magnitude. 
      SIGNIFICANCE: The changes in outcome measures suggest that adopting an external 
      focus of attention during postural tasks could be an effective strategy for 
      improving balance control among people post-stroke.
CI  - Crown Copyright (c) 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Aloraini, Saleh M
AU  - Aloraini SM
AD  - Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of 
      Physical Therapy, College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Saudi 
      Arabia. Electronic address: saloraini@gmail.com.
FAU - Glazebrook, Cheryl M
AU  - Glazebrook CM
AD  - Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 
      Winnipeg, Canada; Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, 
      University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
FAU - Pooyania, Sepideh
AU  - Pooyania S
AD  - Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, 
      University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
FAU - Sibley, Kathryn M
AU  - Sibley KM
AD  - Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, University of 
      Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University 
      of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of 
      Manitoba, Canada.
FAU - Singer, Jonathan
AU  - Singer J
AD  - Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 
      Winnipeg, Canada; Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, 
      University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
FAU - Passmore, Steven
AU  - Passmore S
AD  - Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 
      Winnipeg, Canada; Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, 
      University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200829
PL  - England
TA  - Gait Posture
JT  - Gait & posture
JID - 9416830
SB  - IM
MH  - Attention/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Postural Balance/*physiology
MH  - Stroke/*complications
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Balance
OT  - Fitts' law
OT  - Focus of attention
OT  - Postural control
OT  - Stroke
EDAT- 2020/09/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/05/13 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/10 20:11
PHST- 2019/07/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/05/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/10 20:11 [entrez]
AID - S0966-6362(20)30532-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.133 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gait Posture. 2020 Oct;82:100-105. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.133. Epub 2020 
      Aug 29.