PMID- 32915095
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210426
LR  - 20210426
IS  - 2162-2906 (Electronic)
IS  - 1096-2247 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 11
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - Potential of discarded sardine scales (Sardina pilchardus) as chitosan sources.
PG  - 1186-1197
LID - 10.1080/10962247.2020.1813840 [doi]
AB  - The random discharge of marine fish waste into the coast generates environmental 
      pollution. However, a better valorization of these by-products leads to the 
      extraction of sustainable biomolecules. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that can 
      be produced from various marine by-products, in particular the crustacean shells, 
      crabs, and fish scales. The aim of this current study is the extraction of chitin 
      and characterization of chitosan obtained after a deacetylation reaction from 
      sardine scales (S. pilchardus) as a new marine source. The beta form of chitin 
      extracted undergoes deacetylation in 40% NaOH at 121 degrees C for 20 min. The chemical 
      structure of obtained chitosan was characterized based on Fourier transforms 
      infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron 
      microscope (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The 
      physicochemical properties of obtained chitosan such as the ash, moisture, 
      nitrogen, solubility, molecular weight, fat, and water-binding capacity were also 
      determined. According to the results of FTIR and XRD analysis, the degree of 
      deacetylation (DDA), and the crystalline index (CrI) value of obtained chitosan 
      is respectively about 87% and 95%. The SEM and EDS analysis revealed respectively 
      fibrillar and pleated morphology with the presence of three major elements 
      characterizing the chitosan, which are C, O, and N. The physicochemical analysis 
      showed that the rate of ash, moisture, and nitrogen in obtained chitosan were 
      respectively about 0.10, 0.34, and 7%. The solubility, molecular weight, fat, and 
      water-binding capacity of produced chitosan were found to be 93%, 5.86 kDa, 310, 
      and 510% respectively. Sardina pilchardus scales could be considered a promising 
      and alternative source of chitin and chitosan, which will be applicable in a 
      large number of fields. Implications: Direct rejection of marine biowaste as fish 
      scales in nature, port, or fish processing plants, is a dramatic problem that is 
      growing day after day. These uncontrollable discharges cause marine pollution and 
      promote bacterial growth, which leads to a degradation of the soil and air 
      quality. Taking into account the objectives of sustainable development, better 
      development of these by-products would make it possible to produce valuable 
      biomaterials that will be applied in various fields and which have benefits for 
      the environment and humans. The central objective of this research is accentuated 
      on the enhancement of Sardina pilchardus scales; by the conversion of chitin into 
      chitosan and the determination of its physicochemical characterization. The 
      obtained chitosan from Sardina pilchardus scales could be applied in the 
      agricultural and food industry.
FAU - Aboudamia, Fatima Zahra
AU  - Aboudamia FZ
AD  - Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Specialized Center of Valorization and Technology 
      of Sea Products, National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH) , Agadir, 
      Morocco.
AD  - Research Team of Innovation and Sustainable Development & Expertise in Green 
      Chemistry, "ERIDDECV", Department of Chemistry, Cadi Ayyad University , 
      Marrakesh, Morocco.
FAU - Kharroubi, Mariem
AU  - Kharroubi M
AD  - Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Specialized Center of Valorization and Technology 
      of Sea Products, National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH) , Agadir, 
      Morocco.
FAU - Neffa, Mounsef
AU  - Neffa M
AD  - Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty 
      of Sciences, Mohamed 1st University , Oujda, Morocco.
FAU - Aatab, Fadna
AU  - Aatab F
AD  - Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Specialized Center of Valorization and Technology 
      of Sea Products, National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH) , Agadir, 
      Morocco.
FAU - Hanoune, Said
AU  - Hanoune S
AD  - Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Specialized Center of Valorization and Technology 
      of Sea Products, National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH) , Agadir, 
      Morocco.
FAU - Bouchdoug, Mohamed
AU  - Bouchdoug M
AD  - Research Team of Innovation and Sustainable Development & Expertise in Green 
      Chemistry, "ERIDDECV", Department of Chemistry, Cadi Ayyad University , 
      Marrakesh, Morocco.
FAU - Jaouad, Abderrahim
AU  - Jaouad A
AD  - Research Team of Innovation and Sustainable Development & Expertise in Green 
      Chemistry, "ERIDDECV", Department of Chemistry, Cadi Ayyad University , 
      Marrakesh, Morocco.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200923
PL  - United States
TA  - J Air Waste Manag Assoc
JT  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
JID - 9503111
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 1398-61-4 (Chitin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylation
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chitin/*chemistry/ultrastructure
MH  - *Fishes
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Molecular Weight
MH  - Powder Diffraction
MH  - Solubility
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
MH  - Water/chemistry
MH  - X-Ray Diffraction
EDAT- 2020/09/12 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/27 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/11 12:12
PHST- 2020/09/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/11 12:12 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/10962247.2020.1813840 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2020 Nov;70(11):1186-1197. doi: 
      10.1080/10962247.2020.1813840. Epub 2020 Sep 23.