PMID- 32915858 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201102 LR - 20201102 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 9 DP - 2020 TI - Revisiting the association between human leukocyte antigen and end-stage renal disease. PG - e0238878 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0238878 [doi] LID - e0238878 AB - Multiple works have studied possible associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and end stage renal disease (ESRD) showing, however, contradictory and inconsistent results. Here, we revisit the association between ESRD and HLA antigens, comparing HLA polymorphism (at HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 and DQA1 loci) in ESRD patients (n = 497) and controls (n = 672). Our data identified several HLA alleles that displayed a significant positive or negative association with ESRD. We also determined whether heterozygosity or homozygosity of the ESRD-associated HLA alleles at different loci could modify the prevalence of the disease. Few HLA allele combinations displayed significant associations with ESRD, among which A*3_26 combination showed the highest strength of association (OR = 4.488, P