PMID- 32923941
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2515-8414 (Electronic)
IS  - 2515-8414 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2020 Jan-Dec
TI  - Biomarkers for central serous chorioretinopathy.
PG  - 2515841420950846
LID - 10.1177/2515841420950846 [doi]
LID - 2515841420950846
AB  - Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a common chorioretinal disease 
      characterized by serous retinal detachment that most commonly involves the 
      macular region. Although the natural history of the acute form shows a 
      self-limiting course, a significant number of patients suffer from recurrent 
      episodes leading to chronic disease, often leaving patients with residual visual 
      impairment. Visual morbidity is often worsened by a delay in the diagnosis due to 
      the incorrect understanding of the particular biomarkers of the disease. The aim 
      of this review is to provide clinical understanding of the biomarkers of CSCR 
      with an emphasis on the most recent findings in patient demographics, risk 
      factors, clinical imaging findings, and management options. Patients with these 
      biomarkers, age 30-44 years, male gender, increased stress levels, 
      hypercortisolism (endogenous and exogenous exposures), sleep disturbance, 
      pregnancy, and genetic predisposition have increased susceptibility to CSCR. 
      Also, biomarkers on optical coherence tomography (OCT) such as choroidal 
      thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) showed good diagnostic and 
      prognostic significance in the management of CSCR. There are nonspecific features 
      of CSCR on OCT and OCT angiography such as choroidal neovascularization, 
      photoreceptor alteration/cone density loss, and flat irregular pigment epithelium 
      detachment. We described rare complications of CSCR such as cystoid macular edema 
      (CME) and cystoid macular degeneration (CMD). Patients with CME recovered some 
      vision when treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs). 
      Patients with CMD had irreversible macular damage even after treatment with 
      anti-VEGFs.
CI  - (c) The Author(s), 2020.
FAU - Nkrumah, Gideon
AU  - Nkrumah G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1855-4610
AD  - School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
FAU - Paez-Escamilla, Manuel
AU  - Paez-Escamilla M
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 
      PA, USA.
FAU - Singh, Sumit Randhir
AU  - Singh SR
AD  - Jacobs Retina Center at Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, 
      La Jolla, CA, USA.
FAU - Rasheed, Mohammed Abdul
AU  - Rasheed MA
AD  - School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, 
      Canada.
FAU - Maltsev, Dmitri
AU  - Maltsev D
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia.
FAU - Guduru, Abhilash
AU  - Guduru A
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
FAU - Chhablani, Jay
AU  - Chhablani J
AD  - Faculty-Clinician, UPMC Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of 
      Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200824
PL  - United States
TA  - Ther Adv Ophthalmol
JT  - Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology
JID - 101728805
PMC - PMC7448152
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - biomarkers
OT  - central serous chorioretinopathy
OT  - fluorescein angiography
OT  - indocyanine green angiography
OT  - optical coherence tomography
OT  - optical coherence tomography angiography
COIS- Conflict of interest statement: The authors declared no potential conflicts of 
      interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this 
      article.
EDAT- 2020/09/15 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/15 06:01
PMCR- 2020/08/24
CRDT- 2020/09/14 05:57
PHST- 2020/05/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/07/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/14 05:57 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/08/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_2515841420950846 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/2515841420950846 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug 24;12:2515841420950846. doi: 
      10.1177/2515841420950846. eCollection 2020 Jan-Dec.