PMID- 32933714
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210609
LR  - 20210609
IS  - 1532-3072 (Electronic)
IS  - 0040-8166 (Linking)
VI  - 66
DP  - 2020 Oct
TI  - Ameliorative effect of Nigella sativa oil and vitamin C on the thyroid gland and 
      cerebellum of adult male albino rats exposed to Monosodium glutamate 
      (histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies).
PG  - 101391
LID - S0040-8166(20)30008-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101391 [doi]
AB  - Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a major taste enhancer that is used as a food 
      additive. Vitamin C (Vit C) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) are known for their 
      potent antioxidant activities. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the adverse 
      effect of MSG on the thyroid gland and cerebellum of adult male albino rats and 
      the protection against MSG-mediated toxicity provided by Vit C and NSO. DESIGN: 
      Fifty rats were divided into five groups that were treated via oral gavage. Group 
      I (control) rats received distilled water, Group II rats were treated with MSG (6 
      mg/gm body weight/day), Group III rats were treated with MSG and Vit C (100 mg/kg 
      body weight /day), Group IV rats were treated with MSG and NSO (50 mg/kg body 
      weight two times per week), and Group V rats were treated with MSG together with 
      both Vit C and NSO with MSG. After 60 days of treatment, rats were euthanized and 
      histological sections were prepared from the thyroid gland and the cerebellum for 
      routine staining and immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillar acidic 
      protein (GFAP), Caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), 
      respectively. Cerebellar tissue was also evaluated to determine glutathione (GSH) 
      and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; GSH was also measured in thyroid tissue. Serum 
      levels of fT3, fT4 and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were also evaluated. 
      RESULTS: Microscopic examination of cerebellar tissues revealed significant 
      cerebellar injury and cellular apoptosis among the rats in Group II. The thyroid 
      glands of Group II rats were notable for degenerating follicles, loss of colloid, 
      sloughed follicular cells and congested blood vessels. The cerebellar and thyroid 
      tissues from rats in treatment Groups III, IV and V revealed significantly less 
      pathology. Cerebellar and thyroid tissues from Group II rats that were treated 
      with MSG alone revealed intense GFAP and caspase-3 (cerebellar) and PCNA 
      (thyroid) immunoreactivity. Furthermore, cerebellar tissues from rats received 
      MSG alone (Group II) were notable for decreased levels of GSH and increased 
      levels of MDA; thyroid tissue from rats in Group II also demonstrated decreased 
      levels of GSH. Likewise, serum fT3 and fT4 levels were significantly decreased, 
      while serum TSH was significantly increased among rats in Group II. Combined 
      administration of Vit C and NSO together with MSG (Group V) revealed some 
      variations in oxidative parameters compared to those in the Group I control rats. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Oral intake of MSG resulted in degenerative changes in neurons and 
      astrocytes in cerebellum and, also degeneration of the thyroid glands of albino 
      rats. Concomitant administration of Vit C and NSO may limit MSG-induced damage to 
      the cerebellum and thyroid glands and thereby provide significant protection 
      against the oxidative damage induced by MSG.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mekkawy, Aya M
AU  - Mekkawy AM
AD  - Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, 
      Egypt. Electronic address: ayamagdy688@cu.edu.eg.
FAU - Ahmed, Yasmine H
AU  - Ahmed YH
AD  - Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, 
      Egypt.
FAU - Khalaf, Abdel Azeem A
AU  - Khalaf AAA
AD  - Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo 
      University, Egypt.
FAU - El-Sakhawy, Mohamed A
AU  - El-Sakhawy MA
AD  - Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, 
      Egypt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200608
PL  - Scotland
TA  - Tissue Cell
JT  - Tissue & cell
JID - 0214745
RN  - 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
RN  - 0 (Plant Oils)
RN  - 06LU7C9H1V (Triiodothyronine)
RN  - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde)
RN  - C2J9B08Q3I (caraway oil)
RN  - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
RN  - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid)
RN  - Q51BO43MG4 (Thyroxine)
RN  - W81N5U6R6U (Sodium Glutamate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Ascorbic Acid/*pharmacology
MH  - Cerebellum/*pathology
MH  - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
MH  - Glutathione/metabolism
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - Malondialdehyde/metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Plant Oils/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Sodium Glutamate/*toxicity
MH  - Thyroid Gland/*pathology
MH  - Thyroxine/blood
MH  - Triiodothyronine/blood
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Albino rats
OT  - Cerebellum
OT  - Histopathology
OT  - Monosodium glutamate
OT  - Nigella sativa oil
OT  - Thyroid gland
EDAT- 2020/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/10 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/16 05:30
PHST- 2020/01/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/16 05:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/10 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0040-8166(20)30008-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101391 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tissue Cell. 2020 Oct;66:101391. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101391. Epub 2020 Jun 
      8.