PMID- 32935653
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211027
LR  - 20211027
IS  - 1545-0848 (Electronic)
IS  - 1055-0887 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Jan-Mar
TI  - Empowering patients living with diabetes mellitus to cease smoking will improve 
      lower limb perfusion.
PG  - 74-80
LID - 10.1080/10550887.2020.1818019 [doi]
AB  - Background: To evaluate the effect of smoking on arterial perfusion and to 
      determine whether smoking cessation would result in a significant improvement on 
      the circulation of persons living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A 
      nonexperimental comparative quantitative research was conducted amongst 32 
      participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and controlled hyperlipidemia 
      [smokers (n = 11), past smokers (n = 11), and nonsmokers (n = 10); aged >/= 40 & </= 
      85 years]. Participants were matched for age, body mass index, estimated 
      glomerular filtration rate, packet years, duration of diabetes mellitus, and 
      glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c, %) utilizing frequency distribution matching. 
      Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was assessed utilizing the toe brachial 
      pressure index (TBPI). TBPI value of </=0.7 was suggestive of PAD while >0.7 was 
      considered normal.Results: Sixty-four limbs were included for analyses. One-way 
      ANOVA showed significant difference in the TBPI scores between the three 
      categories (p < 0.05), with the current smokers demonstrating the lowest TBPI 
      means (0.544), followed by past smokers (0.649) and nonsmokers having the highest 
      TBPI (0.781). Tukey's post-hoc analysis confirmed significant difference in TBPI 
      between current and nonsmokers (p = 0.024). Linear regression of risk predictors 
      identified packet years as the best predictor (p = 0.004), followed by HbA1c 
      (0.019).Conclusions: Results suggest that smoking has a significant effect on PAD 
      in T2DM and that improved perfusion is found in past smokers. Empowering patients 
      to cease smoking will result in better limb perfusion.
FAU - Camilleri, Terence
AU  - Camilleri T
AD  - Podiatry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, 
      Malta.
FAU - Camilleri, Liberato
AU  - Camilleri L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8147-0116
AD  - Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science, University 
      of Malta, Msida, Malta.
FAU - Midolo, Yvonne
AU  - Midolo Y
AD  - Podiatry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, 
      Malta.
FAU - Papanas, Nikolaos
AU  - Papanas N
AD  - Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, 
      Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
FAU - Gatt, Alfred
AU  - Gatt A
AD  - Podiatry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, 
      Malta.
FAU - Formosa, Cynthia
AU  - Formosa C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4251-1621
AD  - Podiatry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, 
      Malta.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200916
PL  - England
TA  - J Addict Dis
JT  - Journal of addictive diseases
JID - 9107051
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Ankle Brachial Index/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lower Extremity/*physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Perfusion/*adverse effects
MH  - Peripheral Arterial Disease/*physiopathology
MH  - *Power, Psychological
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Smokers/statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Smoking Cessation
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetic foot
OT  - diabetes
OT  - peripheral arterial disease
OT  - smoking cessation
OT  - toe brachial pressure index
EDAT- 2020/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/28 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/16 08:39
PHST- 2020/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/16 08:39 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/10550887.2020.1818019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Addict Dis. 2021 Jan-Mar;39(1):74-80. doi: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1818019. Epub 
      2020 Sep 16.