PMID- 32949654
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210125
LR  - 20210125
IS  - 1872-8227 (Electronic)
IS  - 0168-8227 (Linking)
VI  - 169
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - (13)C/(12)C breath test ratio after the ingestion of a meal naturally enriched 
      with ((13)C)carbohydrates is a surrogate marker of insulin resistance and insulin 
      sensitivity in children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.
PG  - 108447
LID - S0168-8227(20)30700-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108447 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: To test the hypotheses that exogenous carbohydrate oxidation affects 
      postprandial glycaemic profiles and (13)C/(12)C breath test could be used for 
      estimating insulin resistance (IR) and insulin sensitivity (IS) in youths with 
      Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). METHODS: Non-randomized, cross-sectional study for 
      repeated measures; fifteen youths (11-15 years) with T1D were enrolled. 
      Respiratory exchanges were measured by indirect calorimetry after the ingestion 
      of a mixed meal [13% protein, 29% fat, 58% carbohydrate (CHO; naturally enriched 
      with [(13)C]carbohydrates)]. Total and exogenous CHOs oxidation was calculated by 
      indirect calorimetry and (13)C/(12)C breath test. IR and IS were calculated using 
      estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR) and Insulin Sensitivity Score (ISS). 
      RESULTS: The blood glucose Area Under the Curve (BG-AUC) was significantly 
      associated with the amount of exogenous CHOs oxidized (r = -0.67, p < 0.02) when 
      adjusting for CHOs intake and %fat mass. A direct correlation between eGDR and 
      ISS with exogenous CHOs oxidized (r = 0.70, p < 0.02; r = 0.61, p < 0.05 
      respectively) and with the differential of (13)C/(12)C enrichment in the expired 
      at breath test (r = 0.59, p < 0.05; r = 0.62, p < 0.05), was found. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Assessing the capacity to oxidize exogenous CHOs (estimated by the differential 
      of (13)C/(12)C enrichment in the expired air at the breath test) could be used as 
      a non-invasive surrogate marker of IR and IS in youths with T1D.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Marigliano, Marco
AU  - Marigliano M
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy. Electronic address: marco.marigliano@univr.it.
FAU - Schutz, Yves
AU  - Schutz Y
AD  - Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of 
      Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
FAU - Piona, Claudia
AU  - Piona C
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Tomasselli, Francesca
AU  - Tomasselli F
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Tommasi, Mara
AU  - Tommasi M
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Corradi, Massimiliano
AU  - Corradi M
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Olivieri, Francesca
AU  - Olivieri F
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Fornari, Elena
AU  - Fornari E
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Morandi, Anita
AU  - Morandi A
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
FAU - Maffeis, Claudio
AU  - Maffeis C
AD  - Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200917
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract
JT  - Diabetes research and clinical practice
JID - 8508335
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Biomarkers/*metabolism
MH  - Blood Glucose/*metabolism
MH  - Breath Tests/*methods
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Meals/*physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - (13)C/(12)C ratio
OT  - Adolescents
OT  - Children
OT  - Glucose breath test
OT  - Insulin resistance - carbohydrate oxidation
OT  - Insulin sensitivity
OT  - Type 1 diabetes
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/09/20 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/26 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/19 20:09
PHST- 2020/05/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/19 20:09 [entrez]
AID - S0168-8227(20)30700-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108447 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Nov;169:108447. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108447. 
      Epub 2020 Sep 17.