PMID- 32957064
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210617
LR  - 20210617
IS  - 1873-264X (Electronic)
IS  - 0731-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 191
DP  - 2020 Nov 30
TI  - Amine/phenyl gradient derived base layer as a comprehensive extractive phase for 
      headspace cooled in-tube microextraction of volatile organic compounds in saliva.
PG  - 113599
LID - S0731-7085(20)31485-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113599 [doi]
AB  - A gradient derived base layer extractive phase was synthesized and applied for 
      the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in saliva samples using 
      the headspace cooled in-tube microextraction (HS-CITME) method. The base layers 
      from three different sols of phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES), octyltrimethoxysilane 
      (OTMS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as nonpolar precursors were individually 
      dip coated on the stainless steel wires (SSW). Then, the hydrolyzed polar 
      precursor aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) reacted with the silanol groups 
      already formed on the surface of SSWs via controlled rate infusion (CRI) method. 
      The presence of polar and non-polar functional groups on the surface of substrate 
      was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) while the 
      morphology and thickness of the most suitable gradient coating (amine/phenyl) 
      were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Assessment of the 
      gradient extractive phase efficiency was carried out determining a group of VOCs 
      with different polarities coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 
      (GCMS) and the improved performance of the synthesized base layer coatings was 
      observed. Furthermore, a cooling device was designed and implemented to the 
      extracting system to improve the efficiency by influencing the exothermic nature 
      of process. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), and 
      hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the results were interpreted by 
      polarities of analytes. Finally, under the optimized conditions, the limits of 
      detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.15 and 0.50 ng L(-1), 
      respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) at 
      5 and 50 ng L(-1) (n = 3) using a single extractive phase were 2-6 and 10-17, 
      respectively. The data associated with RSDs% for three extractive phases were 
      between 16 and 19 %. Eventually, the method was conveniently applied to the 
      extraction of VOCs from saliva samples of smokers and satisfactory relative 
      recoveries (RR%) (95-108 %) were achieved and low quantities of VOCs were 
      detected.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Enteshari Najafabadi, Marzieh
AU  - Enteshari Najafabadi M
AD  - Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry Sharif 
      University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Bagheri, Habib
AU  - Bagheri H
AD  - Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry Sharif 
      University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: 
      bagheri@sharif.edu.
FAU - Rostami, Akram
AU  - Rostami A
AD  - CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical 
      Sciences, Karaj, Iran; NanoAlvand Co., Avicenna Tech. Park, Tehran University of 
      Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200905
PL  - England
TA  - J Pharm Biomed Anal
JT  - Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
JID - 8309336
RN  - 0 (Amines)
RN  - 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amines
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Saliva/chemistry
MH  - Solid Phase Microextraction
MH  - *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Base layer
OT  - Gradient extractive phase
OT  - Headspace cooled in-tube microextraction
OT  - Saliva samples
OT  - Volatile organic compounds
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/09/22 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/22 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/21 20:21
PHST- 2020/04/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/08/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/08/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/21 20:21 [entrez]
AID - S0731-7085(20)31485-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113599 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2020 Nov 30;191:113599. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113599. 
      Epub 2020 Sep 5.