PMID- 32961931
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210315
LR  - 20231104
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 18
DP  - 2020 Sep 18
TI  - Hypermethylation of Auxin-Responsive Motifs in the Promoters of the Transcription 
      Factor Genes Accompanies the Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Arabidopsis.
LID - 10.3390/ijms21186849 [doi]
LID - 6849
AB  - The auxin-induced embryogenic reprogramming of plant somatic cells is associated 
      with extensive modulation of the gene expression in which epigenetic 
      modifications, including DNA methylation, seem to play a crucial role. However, 
      the function of DNA methylation, including the role of auxin in epigenetic 
      regulation of the SE-controlling genes, remains poorly understood. Hence, in the 
      present study, we analysed the expression and methylation of the TF genes that 
      play a critical regulatory role during SE induction (LEC1, LEC2, BBM, WUS and 
      AGL15) in auxin-treated explants of Arabidopsis. The results showed that auxin 
      treatment substantially affected both the expression and methylation patterns of 
      the SE-involved TF genes in a concentration-dependent manner. The auxin treatment 
      differentially modulated the methylation of the promoter (P) and gene body (GB) 
      sequences of the SE-involved genes. Relevantly, the SE-effective auxin treatment 
      (5.0 microM of 2,4-D) was associated with the stable hypermethylation of the P 
      regions of the SE-involved genes and a significantly higher methylation of the P 
      than the GB fragments was a characteristic feature of the embryogenic culture. 
      The presence of auxin-responsive (AuxRE) motifs in the hypermethylated P regions 
      suggests that auxin might substantially contribute to the DNA 
      methylation-mediated control of the SE-involved genes.
FAU - Grzybkowska, Daria
AU  - Grzybkowska D
AD  - Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and 
      Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 
      40-032 Katowice, Poland.
FAU - Nowak, Katarzyna
AU  - Nowak K
AD  - Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and 
      Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 
      40-032 Katowice, Poland.
FAU - Gaj, Malgorzata D
AU  - Gaj MD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2995-4134
AD  - Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and 
      Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 
      40-032 Katowice, Poland.
LA  - eng
GR  - OPUS13 2017/25/B/NZ1/01615/National Science Centre in Poland/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200918
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (AGL15 protein, Arabidopsis)
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (BABY BOOM protein, Arabidopsis)
RN  - 0 (CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Indoleacetic Acids)
RN  - 0 (LEC1 protein, Arabidopsis)
RN  - 0 (LEC2 protein, Arabidopsis)
RN  - 0 (MADS Domain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (WUSCHEL protein, Arabidopsis)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs/drug effects
MH  - Arabidopsis/*embryology/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - DNA Methylation
MH  - Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Indoleacetic Acids/*pharmacology
MH  - MADS Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
PMC - PMC7555384
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DNA methylation
OT  - SE-related genes
OT  - somatic embryogenesis
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/16 06:00
PMCR- 2020/09/01
CRDT- 2020/09/23 01:02
PHST- 2020/08/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/09/23 01:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms21186849 [pii]
AID - ijms-21-06849 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms21186849 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 18;21(18):6849. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186849.