PMID- 32962476
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210413
LR  - 20210413
IS  - 1744-8395 (Electronic)
IS  - 1476-0584 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 10
DP  - 2020 Oct
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the era of conjugate vaccines: critical 
      factors for successful eradication.
PG  - 903-917
LID - 10.1080/14760584.2020.1825948 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Prior to implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b 
      (Hib)-conjugate vaccination programs in the 1990s, Hib was the commonest cause of 
      bacterial meningitis in children aged <5 years. While the burden of all Hib 
      disease has significantly decreased in the post-vaccination era, Hib still 
      accounted for >29,000 deaths worldwide in children aged <5 years in 2015. AREAS 
      COVERED: We reviewed literature data on the most widely used Hib vaccines and 
      vaccination strategies which led to the global prevention and control of Hib 
      disease and aim to highlight important factors for continued disease control and 
      elimination in the future. EXPERT COMMENTARY: More than 90% of countries 
      worldwide have implemented Hib-conjugate vaccination in their national 
      immunization programs. Vaccines containing Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) 
      conjugated with tetanus toxoid (Hib-TT) are the most commonly used. Neisseria 
      meningitidis outer membrane protein complex of PRP (Hib-OMP) is also used. 
      Although the kinetics of the immune response varies with Hib vaccine and schedule 
      used, high control of Hib disease was observed in all settings/scenarios. Further 
      improving global Hib vaccination coverage may result in disease elimination. 
      Plain language summary What is the context? Haemophilus influenzae is causing a 
      variety of diseases, from otitis media and sinusitis to invasive disease (e.g. 
      meningitis and pneumonia). H. influenzae type b (Hib) was the most common cause 
      of bacterial meningitis in children <5 years of age, and especially among 
      <2-year-olds. Even with appropriate treatment, up to 40% of children with 
      bacterial meningitis can suffer permanent disabilities and up to 5% will die. The 
      development of vaccines to protect against Hib disease has started in the late 
      1970s and has culminated with the licensure of 4 Hib conjugate vaccines, of which 
      2 are currently widely used. What is new? In this review, we gathered evidence on 
      the different Hib vaccines and vaccination strategies that have contributed to 
      the global prevention and control of Hib disease. The review indicates: the 
      incidence of Hib disease has decreased considerably due to the introduction of 
      Hib vaccines in national immunization programs worldwide. However, Hib disease is 
      not yet completely eradicated. the vaccines currently used offer protection 
      against Hib over long periods of time. carriage of the pathogen by healthy 
      individuals seem to be less frequent, but data are still needed to fully evaluate 
      the impact of vaccination. other H. influenzae types are now more frequent. Why 
      is this important? Despite the huge success of Hib vaccination, continuous 
      surveillance is needed to anticipate potential re-emergences and devise the best 
      strategies for prevention and control of disease. Hib vaccination should be 
      considered in the few countries who have not yet implemented it, to decrease 
      associated morbidity and mortality.
FAU - Slack, Mary
AU  - Slack M
AD  - School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus , Queensland, 
      Australia.
FAU - Esposito, Susanna
AU  - Esposito S
AD  - Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universita Degli Studi Di 
      Parma , Parma, Italia.
FAU - Haas, Herve
AU  - Haas H
AD  - Pediatric Hospital of Nice, Lenval University , France.
FAU - Mihalyi, Attila
AU  - Mihalyi A
AD  - GSK , Wavre, Belgium.
FAU - Nissen, Michael
AU  - Nissen M
AD  - GSK , Singapore, Singapore.
FAU - Mukherjee, Piyali
AU  - Mukherjee P
AD  - GSK , Wavre, Belgium.
FAU - Harrington, Lauriane
AU  - Harrington L
AD  - GSK , Wavre, Belgium.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201010
PL  - England
TA  - Expert Rev Vaccines
JT  - Expert review of vaccines
JID - 101155475
RN  - 0 (Haemophilus Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Conjugate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Haemophilus Infections/*prevention & control
MH  - Haemophilus Vaccines/*administration & dosage/immunology
MH  - Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization Programs
MH  - Infant
MH  - Meningitis, Haemophilus/*prevention & control
MH  - Vaccination
MH  - Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage/immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - haemophilus influenzae
OT  - Carriage
OT  - conjugate vaccines
OT  - epidemiology
OT  - herd protection
OT  - hib disease
OT  - invasive disease
EDAT- 2020/09/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/14 06:00
CRDT- 2020/09/23 05:54
PHST- 2020/09/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/09/23 05:54 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/14760584.2020.1825948 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Expert Rev Vaccines. 2020 Oct;19(10):903-917. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1825948. 
      Epub 2020 Oct 10.