PMID- 33011201
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210610
LR  - 20210610
IS  - 1638-6183 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-9084 (Linking)
VI  - 179
DP  - 2020 Dec
TI  - Natural and synthetic retinoid X receptor ligands and their role in selected 
      nuclear receptor action.
PG  - 157-168
LID - S0300-9084(20)30257-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.027 [doi]
AB  - Important key players in the regulatory machinery within the cells are nuclear 
      retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which compose heterodimers in company with several 
      diverse nuclear receptors, playing a role as ligand inducible transcription 
      factors. In general, nuclear receptors are ligand-activated, 
      transcription-modulating proteins affecting transcriptional responses in target 
      genes. RXR molecules forming permissive heterodimers with disparate nuclear 
      receptors comprise peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), liver X 
      receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and 
      constitutive androstan receptor (CAR). Retinoid receptors (RARs) and thyroid 
      hormone receptors (TRs) may form conditional heterodimers, and dihydroxyvitamin 
      D(3) receptor (VDR) is believed to form nonpermissive heterodimer. Thus, RXRs are 
      the important molecules that are involved in control of many cellular functions 
      in biological processes and diseases, including cancer or diabetes. This article 
      summarizes both naturally occurring and synthetic ligands for nuclear retinoid X 
      receptors and describes, predominantly in mammals, their role in molecular 
      mechanisms within the cells. A focus is also on triorganotin compounds, which are 
      high affinity RXR ligands, and finally, we present an outlook on human microbiota 
      as a potential source of RXR activators. Nevertheless, new synthetic rexinoids 
      with better retinoid X receptor activity and lesser side effects are highly 
      required.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. and Societe Francaise de Biochimie et Biologie 
      Moleculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.
FAU - Brtko, Julius
AU  - Brtko J
AD  - Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Center of the Slovak Academy 
      of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic 
      address: julius.brtko@savba.sk.
FAU - Dvorak, Zdenek
AU  - Dvorak Z
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 
      Slechtitelu 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201001
PL  - France
TA  - Biochimie
JT  - Biochimie
JID - 1264604
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Organotin Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Microbiota
MH  - Organotin Compounds/pharmacology
MH  - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*physiology
MH  - Retinoid X Receptors/agonists/*physiology
MH  - Tretinoin/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Human microbiota
OT  - Ligand inducible transcription factors
OT  - Natural and synthetic RXR ligands
OT  - Nuclear receptors
OT  - Retinoid X receptors (RXR)
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts 
      of interest.
EDAT- 2020/10/05 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/11 06:00
CRDT- 2020/10/04 20:22
PHST- 2020/06/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/04 20:22 [entrez]
AID - S0300-9084(20)30257-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.027 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biochimie. 2020 Dec;179:157-168. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.027. Epub 2020 Oct 
      1.