PMID- 33019512
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201103
IS  - 2076-3921 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3921 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3921 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2020 Oct 1
TI  - Traumatic Brain Injury: Oxidative Stress and Novel Anti-Oxidants Such as 
      Mitoquinone and Edaravone.
LID - 10.3390/antiox9100943 [doi]
LID - 943
AB  - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide and is 
      classified based on severity into mild, moderate, and severe. The mechanical 
      injury in TBI leads to a metabolic and ionic imbalance, which eventually leads to 
      excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a state of oxidative 
      stress. To date, no drug has been approved by the food and drug administration 
      (FDA) for the treatment of TBI. Nevertheless, it is thought that targeting the 
      pathology mechanisms would alleviate the consequences of TBI. For that purpose, 
      antioxidants have been considered as treatment options in TBI and were shown to 
      have a neuroprotective effect. In this review, we will discuss oxidative stress 
      in TBI, the history of antioxidant utilization in the treatment of TBI, and we 
      will focus on two novel antioxidants, mitoquinone (MitoQ) and edaravone. MitoQ 
      can cross the blood brain barrier and cellular membranes to accumulate in the 
      mitochondria and is thought to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway leading to an 
      increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Edaravone is a free radical 
      scavenger that leads to the mitigation of damage resulting from oxidative stress 
      with a possible association to the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway as well.
FAU - Ismail, Helene
AU  - Ismail H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0211-1834
AD  - Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 
      1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Shakkour, Zaynab
AU  - Shakkour Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5436-1798
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Tabet, Maha
AU  - Tabet M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4325-7343
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Abdelhady, Samar
AU  - Abdelhady S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8206-6657
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
FAU - Kobaisi, Abir
AU  - Kobaisi A
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Abedi, Reem
AU  - Abedi R
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Nasrallah, Leila
AU  - Nasrallah L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7358-4751
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Pintus, Gianfranco
AU  - Pintus G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3031-7733
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, 
      UAE.
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
FAU - Al-Dhaheri, Yusra
AU  - Al-Dhaheri Y
AD  - Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 
      Al-Ain 15551, UAE.
FAU - Mondello, Stefania
AU  - Mondello S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8587-3614
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, 
      University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy.
FAU - El-Khoury, Riyad
AU  - El-Khoury R
AD  - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neuromuscular Diagnostic 
      Laboratory, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, 
      Lebanon.
FAU - Eid, Ali H
AU  - Eid AH
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 
      1107 2020, Lebanon.
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
FAU - Kobeissy, Firas
AU  - Kobeissy F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5008-6944
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, 
      Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
FAU - Salameh, Johnny
AU  - Salameh J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1495-2702
AD  - Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 
      1107 2020, Lebanon.
LA  - eng
GR  - 31S398-UPAR/UAEU Program for Advanced Research/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20201001
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Antioxidants (Basel)
JT  - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101668981
PMC - PMC7601591
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anti-oxidants
OT  - edaravone
OT  - mitoquinone
OT  - oxidative stress
OT  - traumatic brain injury
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2020/10/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/07 06:01
PMCR- 2020/10/01
CRDT- 2020/10/06 01:07
PHST- 2020/07/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/09/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/10/06 01:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/10/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - antiox9100943 [pii]
AID - antioxidants-09-00943 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/antiox9100943 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 1;9(10):943. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100943.